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d is initialized with the vtable of Base, that's the reason why Base::foo1 is called.
On the other hand it is declared as a pointer to a Derived object, hence the compiler (you fooled) calls the foo3 method.
Try
class Derived : public Base
{
int data;
public:
Derived() { data = 100;}
void foo1() { }
void foo3() { cout << data << endl;}
} ;
Too see why fooling the compiler is not a good idea.
Veni, vidi, vici.
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Hi, I have tried this. I am getting some junk value.
Why is this happened? 
Regards
msr
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Because there is no instance of Derived, the method reads garbage.
Veni, vidi, vici.
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msr_codeproject wrote: 1) How it is possible to call foo3() of derived class.
Just like you have it. What's the problem? 
"One man's wage rise is another man's price increase." - Harold Wilson
"Fireproof doesn't mean the fire will never come. It means when the fire comes that you will be able to withstand it." - Michael Simmons
"Show me a community that obeys the Ten Commandments and I'll show you a less crowded prison system." - Anonymous
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OK, this is real simple.
You instantiate an instance of the "Base" class and then you fool the compiler into thinking it's a "Derived" class object.
Then you called a function that only exists in a "real" instantiation of a "Derived" class object.
What you did was fool yourself into expecting something reasonable to happen and you're surprised when it doesn't.
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msr_codeproject wrote: I am not able to understand this. Please explain.
In addition to the other replies...
Don't write code like that. It is bad code.
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Bad line here below. Don't do that.
Derived * d = (Derived*)new Base() ;
Try
Derived * d = new Derived;
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Quick Q. Trying to set mark parity, write some data, set space parity, write out some more data. Doing this to emulate a wakeup bit for an older serial protocol. Now I am not convinced that I can do it reliably.
Initially I tried using SetCommsMask followed by WriteFile. When this failed, I also tried DeviceIOControl using IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_LINE_CONTROL, but alas, same result (SetCommsMask uses this anyway). The parity bit is not always set. I am not using overlapped comms.
When I look at the standard serial port driver supplied with the WDK, I see that IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_LINE_CONTROL uses WdfInterruptSynchronize to set the Line Control Register, and from what I read this is not synchronous (ie waits for an interrupt), so possible means that the parity bit might not always be set in the UART before I write out the data. Is this correct, or am I barking up the wrong tree?
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Andrew Pearson wrote: the parity bit might not always be set in the UART before I write out the data.
Very likely. The timing of access to UART control registers has ALWAYS been a horror.* Remember that there's a FIFO buffering your tx data.
Suggestion: Unless you're using 8 data bits + parity, you can do it yourself. Just use 'n+1' data length and set/unset an appropriate high order bit.
* Since the original WD1402 in 1972 or thereabouts. The 8250 and its 16xxx successors (as used in PCs) are not much better. You might get the wrong effect, but at least they don't hang if you write to them at the "wrong" time.  
Cheers,
Peter
Software rusts. Simon Stephenson, ca 1994.
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Peter_in_2780 wrote: Very likely. The timing of access to UART control registers has ALWAYS been a horror.* Remember that there's a FIFO buffering your tx data.
Suggestion: Unless you're using 8 data bits + parity, you can do it yourself. Just use 'n+1' data length and set/unset an appropriate high order bit.
I figured as much.
It is 8bits + parity, shame. Wonder if its worth trying at the driver level? Might go look at some datasheets, although it has been a long while since I have had to go that far!
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Andrew Pearson wrote: Might go look at some datasheets
I wish you lots of luck - you'll need it, seeing these days the UART functionality is typically embedded in an "all-in-one". Probably a microcontroller emulation...
Cheers,
Peter
Software rusts. Simon Stephenson, ca 1994.
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Its very annoying actually, as I can step over WriteFile() and it all works perfectly. Run it and it fails. I have checked registers to make sure there is nothing in transmit holding register, i have turned off the FIFO's. Now I just set the Parity Bit, then Send out a byte using IOCTL_SERIAL_IMMEDIATE_CHAR and it still fails. Not sure there is much left that I can do.
I notice that WDK makes mention of an internal call, IOCTL_SERIAL_INTERNAL_BASIC_SETTINGS. I am not right up there with drivers, but I need to port one to 64bit soon so might be good practice!
Edit.
Put a Sleep(10) after writing out first byte, but before setting parity back to space and guess what, it works. So Problem is not the fact the parity is not getting set fast enough, its because I am changing back parity bit BEFORE the first byte is being transmitted.
Tried a few more IOCTL's to try and read Line Status Register but they all show it as clear. Will keep trawling through driver code and see if I can turn something up.
modified 17-Feb-12 0:06am.
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Andrew Pearson wrote: I can step over WriteFile() and it all works perfectly. Run it and it fails
You know what this means dont you?
In step through the code is taking a lot longer to run than in 'run' mode, so this gives you a clue that it is timing related. ie, you need to make sure the data is completely sentf before changing the UART settings and sending more data. SO look at doing a TX FIFO flush or some such.
Andrew Pearson wrote: I need to port one to 64bit soon
*Should* be OK, just use the size_t type pretty much everywhere. 
Andrew Pearson wrote: Put a Sleep(10)
Yeah, timing. Flush, reset, disable/enable, 1 byte FIFO... All these can force the chip into the exact state you want.
==============================
Nothing to say.
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You may change your code to use overlapped IO. Then you can wait until the transmission has been finished before changing the parity setting.
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This is why I dont like overlapped IO.
A lot of coders think it must be somehow more 'cool', but end up with code that calls an IO, does a wait, and processes the response. Why not just leave it non overlapped?
==============================
Nothing to say.
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Tried overlapped, same behaviour.
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One last idea, if this does not help I will give up:
You can try to use SetCommMask() with EV_TXEMPTY and call WaitCommEvent() after writing data. When WaitCommeEvent returns false and GetLastError is ERROR_IO_PENDING, use WaitForSingleObject and call GetOverlappedResult when the event is signaled.
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Nope, that does not work either.
Once again, I looked at the Driver Code for serial port, and the method for setting the EV_TXEMPTY flag is passed into the WdfInterruptSynchronize method, so it get called once the ISR is completed. It does not reflect the UARTS Line status register from what I can tell.
I think the only way to do it reliably is to write a driver that does not use ISR's.
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You are right. The event is signaled when the last data byte has been copied from the TX buffer (transmitter holding register) to the transmit line register. What you need is the transmitter holding register and transmitter line register empty status. This is indicated by bit 6 of the line status register. Unfortunately, this event is not supported by the Windows SDK.
If you can live with a wait function, you may use the EV_TXEMPTY event and wait until the data byte has been trasnmitted (start + parity + data + stop) / baud. Because transmission is done by the UART hardware, the time is constant .
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Had another idea. The Line Status Register is sent when IOCTL_SERIAL_LSRMST_INSERT is used, and this IS the actual UART Line Status Register. Bit 6 of the LSR, THR is empty, and line is idle, looks like it may be interesting. Will try this out today.
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Andrew Pearson wrote: When I look at the standard serial port driver supplied with the WDK, I see that IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_LINE_CONTROL uses WdfInterruptSynchronize to set the Line Control Register,
Hmm, not sure if Microsoft actualy rewrote serial.sys to use WDF or not, so it cold just be a sample driver.
The older DDK with WDM source code actually IS serial.sys on those older machines (XP and older) so it might be a more informative source since WDF can hide stuff.
As the other poster says, watch out for the FIFO. I would make it 1 byte, that way you know that after any change you make to the parity bit settings will take effect immediately, and you might also like to have a slight delay, and possibly prod the UART before sending data. (You cold prod it by doing a disable/enable for example, or a flush, or toggling DTR...).
A UART programming sheet could be useful, it will tell you exactly what is going on at the chip when you run the various IOCTL calls.
How are you determining the value of the parity bit? DO you have a line sniffer? If not you might need to wire up the chip to a logic analyser to see what is actually on the wire. They are very useful, as well as scopes, in really getting HW to work as you want.
==============================
Nothing to say.
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I am looking at the code from the latest DDK, but not sure if its WDF. I dont know a whole lot about MS drivers (although I am about to learn!). I am just referring to the sample. I have not looked in great detail yet, still feeling my way through it.
I actually disabled FIFO, I know that the code worked, because if I wrote 5 bytes to the port, only the last byte was transmitted! However, as before it never worked, and I should have realised that doing this provided yet another clue as the what was happening. When using WriteFile without overlapped, it is supposed to block until its completed, which I am sure it does. But what does completed mean?? Judging by the observations I made, and after thinking about it a little more, it obviously blocks until the data is written to the driver, not the UART! So I am guessing that the driver buffers what you write to it, and waits for an interrupt before writing the data to the UART, or something along those lines. On Monday, I shall be looking back at the driver code again!
So what I know now is:
Setting parity is immediate.
Transmitting the data is not immediate.
I also tried IOCTL_SERIAL_IMMEDIATE_CHAR command with no luck. I have since talked to another developer who has had the same issue. He gave me a tip late friday which I will try on monday.
I am using my own app to determine the value of the parity, setting space parity and using IOCTL_SERIAL_LSRMST_INSERT to get parity errors. This works really well actually. I was questioning weather there was a bug in this code too, but I came to the conclusion that it was fine after testing it against the hardware that uses this protocol. Was almost going to put the cro on it for my own sanity.
BTW, will be posting this project on code project once its all working ok.
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can someone help me?
I have a variable declared as
CArray<CmyData *, CmyData*> myDataArray;
then I try the following:
CmyData** pData = (CmyData **) myDataArray.GetData();
qsort(pData, numItems, sizeof(CmyData *), Compare);
Something is whacky with how Compare() function receives the information from pData. Pointers go off to neverland??
Thank you.
RESOLVED:
My Compare function had to be adjust to handle array of pointers:
myClass::Compare(const void* pEle1, const void* pEle2)
{
CmyData* pData1 = *(CmyData **) pEle1;
CmyData* pData2 = *(CmyData **) pEle2;
}
modified 17-Feb-12 16:35pm.
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Perhaps you should give more detail, like exactly what goes wrong, error message, etc..
The difficult we do right away...
...the impossible takes slightly longer.
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Sorry, i think the brackets watered down my description.
I have declared a CArray as:
CArray<CmyData *, CmyData *> myDataArray;
I fill myDataArray correctly using CArray::SetAtGrow(). This is done correctly because I test by iterating through the CArray after i fill it and check all the items in the CmyData object.
Then i attempt:
CmyData** pData = (CmyData **) myDataArray.GetData();
qsort(pData, numItems, sizeof(CmyData *), Compare);
Then when i look in my Compare() function, the 2 parameters have invalid values.
I don't know if there is a problem passing pData like i do OR if my Compare() function is not resolving the 2 parameters correctly.
(PS, thanks for the other posts on articles to read..)
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