How do I export database data from sql server and send it to an email on a scheduled basis?

Go to your Sqlserver management studio and right click on the database.
Go to tasks and Export.(below) And export it with destination excell using the wizard.
create a package with this.

Create a databasemail profile see:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187605%28v=sql.110%29.aspx[^]

Create an agent job with two steps.

step 1 Create the excel file using the package that you created. (Choose type SSIS Package for this step.)
step 2 Use the sp_send_dbmail stored procedure to send the email using the databasemail profile and the excell attchament.

After this schedule the job and enable it.