One Solution is when setting the upload error to the viewdata in the actionResult set fileUploadControl id also append with this string. for example
YourFile is more 1 mb:FileUpload id. to the viewdata. After returning the view by using javascript or jquery take the viewdata value like below
function YouJsFunction(){
var test = '@ViewData["UploadError"].ToString()';
}
After that create div by setting the error message using jquery or javascript and append the dive to the particular fileupload control we got.
Hope this helps