That is not very clear, but it could be the W3C as it says on Wikipedia:
Quote:
On 5 April 2006, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) released the first draft specification for the XMLHttpRequest object in an attempt to create an official Web standard.[11] The latest draft of the XMLHttpRequest object was published on 6 October 2016,[12] and the XMLHttpRequest specification is now a living standard
Ajax (programming) - Wikipedia[
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It seems to me that simple validation can be done by the frontend developer in Javascript, e.g. checking for empty fields.
For more complex validations e.g. against a database you could use Ajax or a REST API and you would need some backend development too.
Also see:
php-frameworks-for-building-a-restful-api[
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