It sounds like you want to use
Conditional Formatting
, just like Excel.
What you need to understand about Access is that there are 2 different groups of Access Object types; the SQL database objects and the User Interfaces.
The SQL objects are called Tables and Queries. These are just for data and really are not intended for regular direct user access.
The User Interface objects are Forms and Reports. As these are intended for the end users use, they are customizable either via design, code, or macros; and does have
Conditional Formatting available.
Now if your intent is to change the coloring in tables or queries, it ain't happening as these are only raw data. What you can do is use a tabular form within a form which can be styled as you desire.
References:
Highlight data with conditional formatting - Access[
^]
Access database - conditional formatting on a datasheet[
^]