Since you flagged this for SEO, I am assuming you are looking to add the DOCTYPE in that context. For SEO, it doesn't matter. SEO doesn't care about DOCTYPE. However, the DOCTYPE you put on your page will determine how things are translated. Not putting one lets the browser guess which type your page was created for, which is even worse.
Here is an explanation of the different DOCTYPEs:
http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_doctype.asp[
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I would recommend that you choose the most recent DOCTYPE possible (HTML5) if you are unsure and then work your way backwards if you notice issues.
Here is an article about DOCTYPE as it relates to SEO:
http://www.pitstopmedia.com/sem/doctype-tag-seo[
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