I just begin to program with C++ based on Linux OS

First you should decide on what tools to use. If you don't want to invest heavily for expensive IDEs, you could get either the GCC compiler + debugger and some free editor of your choice, or get a free IDE such as MS Visual Studio Express, Eclipse, or CodeBlocks (suggested above).

Then make your first 'hello world' program, just to make sure your environment is set up correctly and you know your tool chain.

Third, experiment a bit with I/O, and reading arguments from the command line.

Next, if you're interested in Windows applications, try yourself on a simple app, maybe an editor. You can probably find tutorials for something like that with the VisualStudio IDE, or else on the web.

Then, if you want, check out Graphics: drawing lines and figures into a Window isn't all that hard, and you'll eventually need that skill.

That's the basics. Once you know all that you can start a simple project of your choice. Don't try to use any additional components such as a database early on: if you don't use them properly, you may have difficulties distinguishing improper use from actual C++ bugs.