I am also having similar problems with Chrome and Ajax JQuerry call to the handler ashx.
After several hours of searching, I found that the problem is between Chrome and how the response is returned.
The mode of response must be end completed only by:
context.Response.Flush();
context.Response.End();
Especially do not use "
context.Response.Close()" I've read there post
It is "Close" which cuts the connection that triggers the error in Chrome.
Hoping that it might be useful to all.
PCMF