I haven't really played with MATLAB, but it looks like it provides a matching method
get_param
for retrieving parameter values, see:
Get parameter names and values - MATLAB get_param[
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It seems it also exposes that API to C++. See:
MATLAB API for C++- MATLAB & Simulink[
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Though, it seems maybe you are asking a different question. If you are asking how to access this information without the API, this will be very difficult. The file format is proprietary, undocumented, and apparently subject to change.
Accessing an uncompressed file, from a ZIP, is fairly straightforward. Simply, check out the following:
How to: Compress and extract files | Microsoft Docs[
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As to the file format, and where to find the meta-data, you're largely on your own. You'd have to reverse engineer the format. This is nothing simple. If you insist on going that way, this might get you started, but I suspect its fairly out-of-date:
Matlab’s internal memory representation | Undocumented Matlab[
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As I said, I'm not very familiar with MATLAB, so maybe someone else will have happier news for you.