How to use exception-handling across each layer and bubbling the message up the layers all the way to UI and displaying it using jquery error handler?

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ASP.NET

SQL

jQuery

MVC5

exceptions

, +

I have created an n tier architechture in mvc.
API
Models
Modules
Web(MVC)

I developed a project with separate layers. 
I used Web-API to  show how to expose a BLL method as API and called it from UI layer. I executed  a SP in DAL .

I want to use

Exception-handling across each layer and bubbling the message up the layers all the way to UI and displaying it using JQuery error handler.

What I have tried:

I do not find a good solution to implement jquery.

$(document).ready(function () {
        $('test').click(function () {
            $.ajax({
                url:"http://localhost:53945/api/CollegeDetails/GetCollegeList",
                type: "GET",
                error: function (response) {

                },
                success: function (response) {

                }
            });
        })
    }