Is there an interface document about adb(adbwinapi.dll and adbwinusbapi.dll)?

As far as I understand you want to execute commands from within your app like the ADB command line client.

Then I would have a look at the ADB client sources to see how that communicates with the server background process. Together with the GitHub - cstyan/adbDocumentation: Better documentation of the ADB protocol, specifically for USB uses.[^] you should be able to communicate.

In other words:
Just use the ADB client sources in your project without the main() function implementation and call the functions as done by main.

Example for "adb devices":
clinet/main.cpp[^]

return adb_commandline(argc - 1, const_cast<const char**>(argv + 1));

commandline.cpp[^]

if (!strcmp(argv[0], "devices")) {
    const char *listopt;
    if (argc < 2) {
        listopt = "";
    } else if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-l")) {
        listopt = argv[1];
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: adb devices [-l]\n");
        return 1;
    }
    std::string query = android::base::StringPrintf("host:%s%s", argv[0], listopt);
    printf("List of devices attached\n");
    return adb_query_command(query);
}

As you can see it builds a query string and calls adb_query_command.