Don't do this in SQL: do it in your presentation software where it's a lot simpler as you will have much better string handling and data conversion facilities.
In C# for example, it's pretty trivial: Try to convert the string to an integer: if it fails, leave it alone. If it succeeds, convert that to a string with at least two digits:
int x;
string result = int.TryParse(input, out x) ? x.ToString("D2") : input;
This is a presentation function, not a data storage function, and should be handled as such.
Just because it could be done in SQL doesn't mean it should!