1) If you used SQL Server 2008 R2 during your development but intend to load SQL Server 2008 onto the client machine then "Then can SQL Express 2008 will support my database?" will depend on what features you used that were introduced in R2 - this link will help you determine that
Features Supported by the Editions of SQL Server 2008 R2[
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Why not download a more recent version, test your software works and then include that in your install? 2016 might be too avant-garde for your tastes, but 2014 seems pretty robust.
Either way, if you are going to include something in your install, YOU should test that your software works first.
2) Whether you install "whole SQL Express" on the client machine or not, there is nothing to stop them from downloading SQL Server Management Studio and potentially being able to access your database schema. You need to control just how much access they can achieve - these articles should help:
Working with SQL Server Logins[
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SQL Server Security[
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3) The .bak file may not be a SQL backup. If you are having problems with the HDSchool software then you should contact HyperDrive InfoTech -
School and College management software - HDSchool - HDSchool Download[
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Quote:
Please tell me, what is the proper way to developed the Winform application with database with all securities.
Work your way through the reference document - the link is in point 2 above. You will also pick up some key phrases for further research