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You could have mentioned TypeScript[^] as well, basically Javascript with optional type safety. The lack of type safety is the biggest drawback of Javascript as far as I'm concerned
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I also should've mentioned Knockout.js, Bootstrap, jQuery UI, Jade, Sockets.io etc. 
I think the lack of type safety is one of the strengths and weaknesses of JavaScript.
Personally I haven't used TypeScript, but it's been on my things to try list for a while now.
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Maybe write this up as an article or tip/trick while going just a wee bit more in depth and breadth? I'm currently also preparing my jump dive into web dev and have been looking for a good high altitude overview that lifts the confusion about the multitude of technologies and terms, without that marketing gibberish on some websites - and your message here is the best in that regard that I've come across so far!
PS: maybe a reference would be the most fitting category for publication
If the brain were so simple we could understand it, we would be so simple we couldn't. — Lyall Watson
modified 11-Mar-16 6:21am.
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Thank you, I'll take a look at it!
If the brain were so simple we could understand it, we would be so simple we couldn't. — Lyall Watson
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You said: "Basically you need to know a bit about HTTP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and a back-end language such as C#, Java, or PHP."
That's a lot to learn and master.
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I said you need to know a BIT about them, not MASTER them 
You don't need to master anything (although it's a pro).
With just basic HTML, CSS, and JavaScript knowledge you can build pretty awesome websites, all those libraries make sure of that.
Some basic skills allow you to use Bootstrap, jQuery (UI), and that will do a lot for you already
And let's be honest, how many of us are true masters of HTML and CSS? That's for designers, not programmers!
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I am now retired and got into web development for the Bowls Club I belong to. I created a web site using just ASP.NET, MVC, HTML and CSS using C# as the programming language. It was pretty successful.
I am now thinking of re-writing it to add more functionality and it won't be much different in what I use. I will use the new ASP Core 5, MVC, HTML and CSS using VB when it is supported (C# in the meantime}. ASP Core contains Bootstrap which does a lot of the work for you when creating a nice looking UI. I have decided to have a good look at Metro-UI instead. There are a few more fancy things in that system but the docs are a bit light in getting it installed. I will also use (JQuery)JavaScript if I have to. My database is an existing SQL Server database hosted by the Web Hosting site. I will use Entity Framework to provide the contact with the DB.
I find they give me all the tools I need to create whatever I is required. I don't have much time to start learning any more fancy tools or I won't get the job finished.
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Thank you.. Good info
If it's not broken, fix it until it is
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Word!
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Something else not mentioned as front-end framework is Bootstrap. I use php within this framework to keep everything responsive.
Also if you're going to mention CMS, there's also Joomla which is built on Bootstrap.
Jes' sayin'
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Is Amazon site down? http://amazon.com[^]
Looks like it here.
EDIT
I see the UK site is still up and it is interesting that it would ever go completely down with redundant ops around the US etc. that I'm assuming they have.
EDIT 2
Okay seems to be back. Just thought it was interesting. Pretty big outage for them.
modified 10-Mar-16 14:37pm.
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Yup!
I am not a number. I am a ... no, wait!
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Yep! Have a look at www.isup.me - it checks site from a different location, and it says it's down.
Bad command or file name. Bad, bad command! Sit! Stay! Staaaay...
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OriginalGriff wrote: Have a look at www.isup.me
Thanks for the link. i'll check it out and use it next time.
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Amazon is up and running for me.
Get me coffee and no one gets hurt!
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Thanks for posting in. I noticed because I'm a Prime member and streaming music.
It is back now. Thanks.
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You're welcome. 
Get me coffee and no one gets hurt!
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Amazon needs to consider moving to a more robust server/architecture, maybe Azure?  
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You don't expect a large company that exists almost completely online, to have its site down EVER! There must be ways to prevent such a disaster.
Get me coffee and no one gets hurt!
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You're forgetting ...
Quote: “A common mistake that people make when trying to design something completely foolproof is to underestimate the ingenuity of complete fools.”
There is always a way to prevent the prevention of disaster!
I am not a number. I am a ... no, wait!
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It's the same site - look below the text box.
Bad command or file name. Bad, bad command! Sit! Stay! Staaaay...
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