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You need to put in a delimiter to split the elements at the receiving end. One way to do this would be to use an uncommon character when forming the string, which you can then parse out - don't use a comma just in cast it's present in the input data. I like to use \n in this situation because it's highly unlikely that this will ever be in the input data. Then you simply split the data out at the receiving end using this character sequence.
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Tichaona J wrote: Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Pname + Pdob + PnhsNo + Paddress + PmedicalCon + pcallOutDetails);
you can't just concatenate some strings and get away with it, there is no way to separate them again. What if they represent numbers? is 12345 the result of 1 and 2345? or 12 and 345? or...
What you could do is this:
- define a little class that holds the variables (either as strings or, better, as their actual type);
- add [Serializable] attribute;
- make one instance and fill the values from the Form (or whatever your source of information is);
- use XmlSerialize class to turn that object into one XML string;
- transmit that string;
- use XmlSerialize class again to decode the XML string and recreate an instance of your object.
I have an example here[^].
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Luc Pattyn wrote: you can't just concatenate some strings and get away with it
You would be surprised how many people do get away with it thou - running before walking that is, some even just skip both and try to swim - and CP is the bottom of the ocean (help to untie concrete boots - URGENTZ!!!)
Life goes very fast. Tomorrow, today is already yesterday.
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I have since tried to put the strings into an arraylist but question now is how do you convert the array list into bytes, cause this doesn't work:
patient.Add(Pname);
patient.Add(Pdob);
patient.Add(PnhsNo);
patient.Add(Paddress);
patient.Add(PmedicalCon);
patient.Add(pcallOutDetails);
byte[] forwardMessage = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(patient);
sock.Send(forwardMessage);
sock.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
sock.Close();
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A byte[] is just a bad as a string in that if you want to split it at the other end you need to do some work on it prior to creating it (like give it something to be split by)
Really thou, you should follow Luc's advice - he knows what he is talking about
Life goes very fast. Tomorrow, today is already yesterday.
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I can't argue with that. Although Pete's approach is fine too under the circumstances (single-line TextBoxes).
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Thanks guys...With you hints and tips I have figured it out. Part of the solution (the code any) came from this site:
msdn library
Once again thanks...
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Dear Friends,
I want to convert a query string object into a datetime in this format:- "YYYY-mm-dd HH:mm:ss.xxx" in C#.net. But when i am using Convert.ToDateTime(object) for getting the datetime value then an exception is being fired.
Could anyone can provide me the iFormatProvider for the same.?
Thanks
Varun Sareen
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Try using DateTime.ParseExact instead MSDN[^]
string dateString, format;
...
DateTime result;
CultureInfo provider = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
result = DateTime.ParseExact(dateString, format, provider); You can build your format from the format specifiers: Formatting a DateTime for display format string[^] - they work the other way as well.
Real men don't use instructions. They are only the manufacturers opinion on how to put the thing together.
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Error:
[12/1/2010 4:28:54 PM]: Object passed was not capable of being deserialized. Error: System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationException: End of Stream encountered before parsing was completed.
at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.__BinaryParser.Run()
at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.ObjectReader.Deserialize(HeaderHandler handler, __BinaryParser serParser, Boolean fCheck, Boolean isCrossAppDomain, IMethodCallMessage methodCallMessage)
at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter.Deserialize(Stream serializationStream, HeaderHandler handler, Boolean fCheck, Boolean isCrossAppDomain, IMethodCallMessage methodCallMessage)
at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter.Deserialize(Stream serializationStream)
at JDMonitoring.Listen.Listener.ReadCallback(IAsyncResult iar) in C:\Users\Jacob\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\JDMonitoring\JDMonitoring\Listen\Listener.cs:line 99
Ok this is for a Client/Server application. I marked my custom object as serializable. The problem is when I changed it from using an array to a generic list. But before I send the data it is being sent as an Array and not a generic list.
CLIENT:
private static List<Commons> pendingCommons;
public static Commons[] PendingTasks
{
get
{
if (Reg.Registered == 0)
SetRegisterDefaults();
if (pendingCommons == null || pendingCommons.Count < 1)
SetCheckinDefaults();
return pendingCommons.ToArray();
}
set
{
pendingCommons = new List<Commons>(value);
}
}
Here is how I'm sending:
Commons[] commons = Tasks.PendingTasks;
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
formatter.Serialize(ms, commons);
s.Send(ms.ToArray());
Logging.Log("Transferred " + ms.Length.ToString() + " bytes to server containg these actions: " + Tasks.GetActions(), true);
ms.Dispose();
Ok so I see in my log that it tranferred that to the server so it was able to serialize it. The Tasks.GetActions() shows what was sent
Now here is my server
private void ReadCallback(IAsyncResult iar)
{
StateObject state = iar.AsyncState as StateObject;
Socket handler = state.worker;
try
{
int bytesRead = handler.EndReceive(iar);
if (bytesRead > 0)
{
state.ms.Write(state.buffer, 0, bytesRead);
if (bytesRead == StateObject.BufferSize)
{
handler.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0,
new AsyncCallback(ReadCallback), state);
}
else
{
Logging.Log("Finished receiving " + state.ms.Length.ToString() + " bytes from " +
handler.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(), true);
state.ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
object receivedObject = null;
try
{
receivedObject = formatter.Deserialize(state.ms);
}
catch (SerializationException se)
{
Logging.Log("Object passed was not capable of being deserialized. Error: " + se.ToString(), false);
}
string agentId = string.Empty;
if (receivedObject != null)
{
if (receivedObject.GetType() == typeof(Commons[]))
{
Commons[] cObject = (Commons[])receivedObject;
if (cObject != null)
{
Tasks.Perform(ref cObject, out agentId);
}
}
else
Logging.Log("Agent did not send back a Commons object", true);
}
else
Logging.Log("Agent " + handler.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + " sent back null", true);
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
formatter.Serialize(ms, Commands.GetAgentCommands(agentId));
handler.BeginSend(ms.ToArray(), 0, (int)ms.Length, 0,
new AsyncCallback(SendCallback), handler);
formatter = null;
}
}
}
catch (SocketException)
{
Logging.Log(handler.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + " has disconnected", true);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Logging.Log(ex.ToString(), false);
}
}
So what has changed? I mean it is a Common[] object array before it is sent to the server. It has something with the client converting it from the List<> to an Array.
At first evyerhing was an Array. But I found it was more difficult for me removing and determining if something was null. Had issues, so for now I turned it into a List then back to a array before sending.
BTW this was working before I did the List<commons>. When it was just straight Commons[] everywhere it worked fine.
modified on Wednesday, December 1, 2010 6:04 PM
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What is the relationship between state.buffer where you put the data and state.ms where you attempt to extract it for deserialization?
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Hi Jacob,
I don't see anything wrong with your code, however I doubt your observations are correct. Your client code is turning the List into an array right away, so everything that relates to serializing/deserializing and sending/receiving is unchanged, therefore it should continue to work or continue not to work when switching between arrays and lists.
You could check the number of bytes transferred; they should be identical for arrays and lists; and of course also at the sending and at the receiving end of the cable.
BTW: I don't fully understand the server's if (bytesRead == StateObject.BufferSize) statement; I'm not saying it is wrong, however it looks strange and potentially dangerous as the amount of data depends on the previous receive request, not the current buffer size.
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Luc I think you are right about the StateObject.BufferSize. It really was the only way I could think to do it.
So I'm receiving the data asynchronously. So as you can tell it is doing a loop passing the StateObject until all data is received. I am reading only 1024 bytes.
So lets say I send the server 1048 bytes. The server will read 1024 bytes then call BeginReceive again. Now the server should only receive 24 bytes this next go around due to 1024 + 24 = 1048. So this time it is seeing that it received LESS than 1024 which tells me that we are done receiving all the data.
So lets say we send 2048 (1024 + 1024).. then this code will not work because after the first time it will call begin receive and get 1024 bytes, then it will call it again and receive 1024 bytes, then it will call it a third time and not get any bytes (which won't execute the code and the data is lost.
Hope I explained / understand that correctly. I'm thinking this could be my issue?
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When the data length can vary, there are a couple of ways to cope:
1.
prefix the data with the total length; i.e. first insert an (or a long!) value that specifies total payload length. At the receiver, read the length first, then loop your payload read operations.
2.
alternatively, implement some more elaborate protocol (maybe data packets of a fixed size with a there-is-more flag. This is slightly harder but pays off when you don't know the length in advance.
Your receiver accidentally failing because the payload length was a multiple of 1024 could be very likely up to very unlikely depending on the size of a Common instance; if it is 1024 (or a multiple) then you have the problem for sure; if it is 512B, then you have 50% chance; etc.
But all this does not explain your different list/array behavior...
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Well let me first try to correct the way I am getting the data. I'm going to have to lookup what you are talking about though since I'm not sure how exactly I need to do that since I am just sending and receiving Serialized data and not just text or whatever.
I did leave my laptop at work so I will have to try this tomorrow morning 
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two ways: have the length field go through the MemoryStream (may be difficult as you don't know the length yet), or write it to the socket separately. So replace s.Send(ms.ToArray()); by
byte[] bytes=ms.ToArray();
int len=bytes.Length;
s.Send(BitConverter.GetBytes(len));
s.Send(bytes);
plus some similar changes at the receiver of course.
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Luc,
Thank you for the replies. So I do understand how to send the bytes that contain the length of how many bytes are in my custom object. What I am trying to understand is how I will work this into my program.
How will I know to try to deserialize or just convert the bytes to integer?
On the server the first receive would always be the integer. Once I received all that data I would then call another method to perform another receive but this time deserializing it?
Example:
private void FirstReadCallback(IAsyncResult iar)
{
StateObject so = iar as StateObject;
Socket handler = so.workSocket;
int bytesRead = handler.EndReceive(iar);
if (bytesRead > 0)
{
int myLength = BitConverter.ToInt32(state.buffer);
state.buffer = new byte[myLength];
handler.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, state.buffer.Length, 0, new AsyncCallback(SecondReadCallback), state);
}
}
private void SecondReadCallback(IAsyncResult iar)
{
StateObject state = iar.AsyncState as StateObject;
Socket handler = state.worker;
int bytesRead = handler.EndReceive(iar);
if (bytesRead > 0)
{
state.ms.Write(state.buffer, 0, bytesRead);
state.ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
object receivedObject = null;
receivedObject = formatter.Deserialize(state.ms);
}
}
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1.
you would need a Length data member in your class, initially zero.
2.
I guess you have a BeginReceive() somewhere outside the callback; if so, just make it ask for 4 bytes. That is the easiest way.
3.
You can do all EndReceives in a single callback; the first time (when Length is still zero), you need an EndReceive that matches step #2, hope for 4 bytes, and decode them to an integer, to be stored in Length. Use BitConverter.ToInt32(). Later on (when Length isn't zero) do an EndReceive for a full load of data (the maximum of Length and your buffer size), and decrement Length. Keep doing till Length is zero, or timeout or other error occurs.
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Luc,
Sorry for sounding dumb.. but what is with the 4 bytes? I'm searching google some more for example code of this but what I find is people doing things differently than what I'm trying to do. I see most of the code using Encoding to get the string until a EOF was passed or something. I guess I could do it that way. Pass the bytes as a string with a <eof> and cut off the EOF and convert to integer. I do want to try to understand your method, but right now I'm not fully understanding it.
Would you mind providing a short example?
[Edit]
I'm guessing the 4 bytes would be the BitConverter.GetBytes(<ms length="">)..... but how certain is 4 bytes would contain the entire length?
I did some test and even with doing like a: byte[] b = new byte[4958454] the array length is still only 4.
So let me do some test tomorrow and I'll post what I come up with. Thanks for your help
modified on Wednesday, December 1, 2010 11:29 PM
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If the length fits an int at the client (i.e. when it is less than 2 GB), all it takes to communicate it is the four bytes that hold the binary representation of that length value. So it will always be exactly four bytes.
One could pass that as a string (with variable length) but why do so? it only complicates matters, as then one does not know how many bytes/characters to receive, and furthermore the payload is binary data anyway, as it is using binary serialization. I probably would pass length as a string if all the data were text, but absolutely not for binary data.
Here is the receiver in pseudo-code (that looks like C# but isn't):
int length;
byte[] buffer;
int bufsize;
int lengthRequested;
startReceiver() {
length=0;
bufsize=1024;
buffer=new byte[bufsize];
installReceiveHandler(receiveHandler);
startRead(buffer, 0, 4);
}
receiveHandler() {
if (length==0) {
int len=endRead();
length=BitConverter.ToInt32(buffer);
} else {
int len=endRead();
length-=len;
...
}
if (length<=0) {
...
} else {
lengthRequested=length;
if (lengthRequested>bufsize) lengthRequested=bufsize;
startRead(buffer, 0, lengthRequested);
}
}
Warning: not included are error handling, timeouts, etc.
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Ok I fixed it but still have a little problem:
Agent Log:
Sent notification to server that we were about to send 20230 bytes
Transferred the following actions to server: SERVICES,
Server Log:
[12/2/2010 9:48:56 AM]: -- 192.168.1.163:21064 has connected to the server
[12/2/2010 9:48:56 AM]: 192.168.1.163:21064 is about to send 20230 bytes
[12/2/2010 9:48:56 AM]: Finished receiving 8760 bytes from 192.168.1.163:21064
[12/2/2010 9:48:56 AM]: Agent 192.168.1.163:21064 sent back null
[12/2/2010 9:48:56 AM]: Finished sending 118 bytes to 192.168.1.163:21064
So as you can see the agent is sending all the data, but the server is only getting 8760 bytes? Why is the server not reading all of the data?
State Object:
public Socket worker = null;
public int BufferSize = 4;
public byte[] buffer;
public MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
Server:
int bytesRead = handler.EndReceive(iar);
if (bytesRead > 0)
{
if (state.BufferSize == 4)
{
state.BufferSize = BitConverter.ToInt32(state.buffer, 0);
state.buffer = new byte[state.BufferSize];
Logging.Log(handler.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + " is about to send " + state.BufferSize.ToString() + " bytes", true);
handler.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, state.BufferSize, 0,
new AsyncCallback(ReadCallback), state);
}
else
{
state.ms.Write(state.buffer, 0, bytesRead);
Logging.Log("Finished receiving " + state.ms.Length.ToString() + " bytes from " +
handler.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(), true);
state.ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
object receivedObject = null;
try
{
receivedObject = formatter.Deserialize(state.ms);
}
catch (SerializationException se)
{
Logging.Log("Object passed was not capable of being deserialized. Error: " + se.ToString(), false);
}
Client:
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
formatter.Serialize(ms, commons);
byte[] buffer = ms.ToArray();
int len = buffer.Length;
s.Send(BitConverter.GetBytes(len));
Logging.Log("Sent notification to server that we were about to send " + len.ToString() + " bytes", true);
s.Send(buffer);
Logging.Log("Transferred the following actions to server: "+ Tasks.GetActions(), true);
ms.Dispose();
I hope I took your suggestions and something like I should have.
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your client code seems OK; I do have a few comments on the server side:
1.
you never have shown the code that launches the first read, i.e. the BeginReceive that sits outside any callback.
2.
I suggested you first receive the length (4 bytes), then one or more large amounts of data; my pseudo-code was using the same buffer for all of these, so it had to set length to 4 initially, and to the actual buffer size later on. I don't see your code do that.
3.
you could always (temporarily) add more logging to better grasp what is going on.
4.
I suggest your first test is with a very small data set, so it fits in one receive buffer. Only when that works you should test larger amounts of data.
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Ahhhhh ok I see what you are doing now.. but if I'm calling BeginReceive again within the Callback then I don't think that will work. Because the first thing you are doing is checking if Length == 0. There are two times this will happen... for the first BeginReceive and also when we read all the bytes (because we know we are done reading when Length == 0).
I get the idea.. unless I'm missing smoething.. changing it now
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you kick off the receiving actions outside the callback once, then continue the process by issuing another receive inside the callback until you had enough. And length holds the amount still to be received, so once you got it all, you don't issue a new beginreceive, so the callback isn't called any more, the only time it is called with length zero is at the start of a conversation.
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Ah yeah I got it now. Luc I just want to thank you for your help. Here is what I have now and it seems to be working well:
int bytesRead = handler.EndReceive(iar);
if (bytesRead > 0)
{
if (state.Length == 0)
{
state.Length = BitConverter.ToInt32(state.buffer, 0);
Logging.Log(handler.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + " is about to send " + state.Length.ToString() + " bytes", true);
handler.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0,
new AsyncCallback(ReadCallback), state);
}
else
{
state.Length -= bytesRead;
state.ms.Write(state.buffer, 0, bytesRead);
if (state.Length > 0)
handler.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0,
new AsyncCallback(ReadCallback), state);
else
{
Logging.Log("Finished receiving " + state.ms.Length.ToString() + " bytes from " +
handler.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(), true);
state.ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
object receivedObject = null;
try
{
receivedObject = formatter.Deserialize(state.ms);
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