Blazor and WebAssembly

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This repository contains samples for a presentation about using C# and .NET in the browser using WebAssembly with Blazor.

▶ Get Started with Blazor

👋🏻 Introduction/Overview of Blazor

<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="hocho" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/1f52a.png">🔪 Intro to Razor Components

This repository is continuously built and deployed using free Azure Pipelines. If you're interested in how it was setup and configured to build automatically and deploy to low cost Azure Storage Static Websites, read Deploy WebAssembly from GitHub to Azure Storage Static Websites with Azure Pipelines.

Presentation

<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="cinema" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/1f3a6.png">🎦 You can download the related PowerPoint presentation here.

To see how Blazor compares to other SPA frameworks like Angular, read: Angular vs. Blazor.

Demos

This section contains step-by-step instructions to execute each of the demos.

Pre-requisites

The following should be installed for the demos to work:

• emscripten for the asm.js and WebAssembly demos
• http-service (node.js) to serve the "primes" example site (any simple web server will do)
• Blazor has full instructions for installing and using Blazor.

The current version used in this repo is 3.0.0-preview9.19424.4.

Build asm.js

Navigate into the primes directory. First, show the speed of the JavaScript version.

cat primes-js.js

node primes-js.js

Next, show the C code.

cat primes.c

Then, compile the C code to asm.js:

emcc primes.asm.c -s WASM=0 -Os -o primes.asm.js

Show the expanded code for reference, then run the asm.js version:

cat primes-asm.js

node primes-asm.js

Build WebAssembly (Wasm)

<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="eyes" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/1f440.png">👀 Live Demo

Show the C code:

cat primes.wasm.c

Compile the C code to WebAssembly:

emcc primes.wasm.c -s WASM=1 -Os -o primes.wasm.js

Use a simple server like http-server to serve files in the directory. Navigate to primes.html:

http://localhost:8080/primes.html

Open the console and show the time with JavaScript vs. WebAssembly.

Get Started

Create a new Blazor project with .NET Core hosting. Run the application and step through the tabs.

1. Note the counter resets to zero when you return
2. Show the Shared project defines a WeatherForecast class that is shared between the client and the server
3. Demonstrate service registration in Startup
4. Open Startup on the client for similar services
5. Walk through logic for Counter.razor
6. Point out that FetchData.razor uses the HttpClient but it is injected for the correct configuration
7. Activate network debugging in the browser. Refresh and show the DLLs being loaded

Reusable Components

<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="eyes" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/1f440.png">👀 Live Demo

Create a new Blazor project (no hosting, client only).

1. Under Shared create a Razor view component and name it LabelSlider.razor

2. Paste the following html:

   <input type="range" min="@Min" max="@Max" @bind="@CurrentValue" />
   <span>@CurrentValue</span>

3. In a @code block add:

   [Parameter]
   public int Min { get; set; }
   
   [Parameter]
   public int Max { get; set; }
   
   [Parameter]
   public int CurrentValue { get; set; }

4. Drop into the Counter page:

   <LabelSlider Min="0" Max="99" CurrentValue="@currentCount"/>

5. Show how the clicks update the slider, but sliding doesn't update the host page. Also note that the value only updates when you stop sliding, and it only updates on the slider and not on the "current count" (although clicking the button will update the slider, the converse isn't true.)

6. Inside LabelSlider change the binding to @bind-value="@CurrentValue" then add an additional @bind-value:event="oninput" to refresh as it is sliding

7. Add an event for the current value changing and implement it (this will replace the existing CurrentValue property)

   private int _currentValue;
   
   [Parameter]
   public int CurrentValue
   {
       get => _currentValue;
       set
       {
           if (value != _currentValue)
           {
               _currentValue = value;
               CurrentValueChanged?.Invoke(value);
           }
       }
   }
   
   [Parameter]
   public Action<int> CurrentValueChanged { get; set; }

8. Update the binding to @bind-CurrentValue in Counter.razor

9. Run and show it is picking up the value, but not refreshing. Explain we'll cover manual UI refresh later.

Libraries and Interop

<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="eyes" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/1f440.png">👀 Live Demo

Create a new client-only project.

1. In NuGet packages, search for and install Markdown here

2. In Index.razor add the following HTML (remove the SurveyPrompt):

   <textarea style="<span class="pl-c1"><span class="pl-c1">width: 100%</span>"</span> rows="5" @bind="@SourceText"></textarea>
   <button @onclick="@Convert">Convert</button>
   <p>@TargetText</p>

3. Add a @using HeyRed.MarkdownSharp to the top

4. Add a @code block:

   string SourceText { get; set; }
   string TargetText { get; set; }
   Markdown markdown = new Markdown();
   
   void Convert()
   {
       TargetText = markdown.Transform(SourceText);
   }

5. Run and show the conversion. Explain that the bindings are "safe" and don't expand the HTML.

6. Create a file under wwwroot called markupExtensions.js and populate it with:

   JavaScript

   window.markupExtensions = {
       toHtml: (txt, target) => {
           const area = document.createElement("textarea");
           area.innerHTML = txt;
           target.innerHTML = area.value;
       }
   }

7. Reference it from index.html under wwwroot with <script src="./markupExtensions.js"></script>

8. In index.razor remove the TargetText references and inject the JavaScript interop: @inject IJSRuntime JsRuntime

9. Change the paragraph element to a reference: <p @ref="Target"/>

10. Update the @code to call the JavaScript via interop

    string SourceText { get; set; }
    ElementReference Target;
    Markdown markdown = new Markdown();
    
    void Convert()
    {
        var html = markdown.Transform(SourceText);
        JsRuntime.InvokeAsync<object>("markupExtensions.toHtml", html, Target);
    }

11. Run and show the goodness. Explain Convert could be async and await a response if necessary

12. Add a class named MarkdownHost under Shared:

    using HeyRed.MarkdownSharp;
    using Microsoft.JSInterop;
    
    namespace LibrariesInterop.Shared
    {
        public static class MarkdownHost
        {
            [JSInvokable]
            public static string Convert(string src)
            {
                return new Markdown().Transform(src);
            }
        }
    }

13. Re-run the app and from the console type. Be sure to change LibrariesInterop to the name of your project:

    JavaScript

    alert(DotNet.invokeMethod("LibrariesInterop", "Convert", "# one\n## two \n* a \n* b"))

14. Explain this can also use Task to make it asynchronous

Code Behind

<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="eyes" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/1f440.png">👀 Live Demo

Create a new client-only project.

1. Create a class under Pages named FetchDataBase (not to be confused with a database)

   public class FetchDataBase : ComponentBase
   {
       [Inject]
       public HttpClient Http { get; set; }
   
       public WeatherForecast[] forecasts;
   
       protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
       {
           forecasts = await Http.GetJsonAsync<WeatherForecast[]>
               ("sample-data/weather.json");
       }
   
       public class WeatherForecast
       {
           public DateTime Date { get; set; }
   
           public int TemperatureC { get; set; }
   
           public int TemperatureF { get; set; }
   
           public string Summary { get; set; }
       }
   }

   These are the using statements:

   using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components;
   using System;
   using System.Net.Http;
   using System.Threading.Tasks;

2. Open FetchData.razor and remove the @Inject line and entire @code block

3. Add @inherits FetchDataBase after the @page directive

4. Run it and show it working

MVVM Pattern

<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="eyes" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/1f440.png">👀 Live Demo

Create a new client-only project.

1. Add a class named MainModel to the root

   public class MainModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
   {
       public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
   
       private int _age = 30;
   
       public int Age
       {
           get => _age;
           set
           {
               if (value != _age)
               {
                   _age = value;
                   PropertyChanged?.Invoke(value, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(nameof(Age)));
               }
           }
       }
   
       public int MaximumHeartRate
       {
           get
           {
               return 220 - _age;
           }
       }
   
       public int TargetHeartRate
       {
           get
           {
               return (int)(0.85*MaximumHeartRate);
           }
       }
   }

   Add a using for System.ComponentModel

2. Register the class in Startup under ConfigureServices

   services.AddSingleton<MainModel>();

3. Under Shared add Age.razor

   @inject MainModel Model
   Age: <span style="<span class="pl-c1"><span class="pl-c1">cursor: pointer</span>"</span> @onclick="@(()=>Decrement(true))">
   <strong>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;</strong>
   </span>
   <input type="range" min="13" max="120" @bind-value="Model.Age"
      @bind-value:event="oninput" />
   <span style="<span class="pl-c1"><span class="pl-c1">cursor: pointer</span>"</span> @onclick="@(()=>Decrement(false))">
       <strong>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;</strong>
   </span>
   <span>@Model.Age</span>

4. Add the code block:

   void Decrement(bool decrement)
   {
       if (decrement && Model.Age > 13)
       {
           Model.Age -= 1;
       }
       if (!decrement && Model.Age < 120)
       {
           Model.Age += 1;
       }
   }

5. Then add HeartRate.razor under Shared:

   @inject MainModel Model
   <div>
       <p>Your target heart rate is: @Model.TargetHeartRate</p>
       <p>Your maximum heart rate is: @Model.MaximumHeartRate</p>
   </div>

6. Add the new controls to Index.razor (remove SurveyPrompt):

   <Age/>
   <HeartRate/>

7. Run the app and show that the heart rates aren't updating

8. Add this @code code to the bottom of HeartRate.razor

   protected override void OnInitialized()
   {
       base.OnInitialized();
       Model.PropertyChanged += (o, e) => StateHasChanged();
   }

9. Re-run the app and show it working

10. Explain that this can be done at a higher level to automatically propagate across controls

Learn more about: MVVM support in Blazor.

Debugging

1. Open URL in Chrome for any of the apps
2. Show SHIFT+ALT+D key press
3. If instructions appear, close all Chrome instances (including in the system tray) and paste the code to run with debugging enabled
4. Repeat the key press
5. Show a breakpoint and discuss this is very limited for now

Summary

▶ Get Started with Blazor

👋🏻 Introduction/Overview of Blazor

<g-emoji class="g-emoji" alias="hocho" fallback-src="https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/1f52a.png">🔪 Intro to Razor Components