Your First App using React with Express and MongoDB

In one of our previous MEAN Stack tutorials, we followed a step by step approach to develop a RESTful API using ExpressJS with MongoDB. Here in this MEAN Stack article, we are going to develop another application in ExpressJS and MongoDB with ReactJS. We will follow the same step by step approach to build this application.

Now, let's move further to start developing our application using ReactJs with Express and MongoDB.

STEP 1: Initialize the Project

• Create a folder with the project name such as todoapp.
• Open command prompt window on the project folder.
• Run the following command:

  npm init

  This command will create a package.json file with the following details:

  

STEP 2: Install Express

• Install express with following command:

  npm install express --save

STEP 3: Install Express Generator

• Install express-generator using the following command:

  npm install express-generator --save

STEP 4: Create the Project

• Use the following command to create the express project:

  express hello-mern

  This will give the following output:

  create : todoapp
     create : todoapp/package.json
     create : todoapp/app.js
     create : todoapp/public
     create : todoapp/routes
     create : todoapp/routes/index.js
     create : todoapp/routes/users.js
     create : todoapp/views
     create : todoapp/views/index.jade
     create : todoapp/views/layout.jade
     create : todoapp/views/error.jade
     create : todoapp/public/stylesheets
     create : todoapp/public/stylesheets/style.css
     create : todoapp/public/javascripts
     create : todoapp/public/images
     create : todoapp/bin
     create : todoapp/bin/www
   
     install dependencies:
       $ cd hellomern && npm install
   
     run the app:
       $ DEBUG=hellomern ./bin/www

STEP 5: Setup Development Dependencies

• Add the following dependencies and dev dependencies in package.json file and run npm install from the root folder of the project.

  {
    "name": "hello-mern",
    "version": "0.0.0",
    "private": true,
    "scripts": {
      "start": "webpack --progress --colors --watch -d",
      "build": "webpack --progress --colors -p"
    },
    "dependencies": {
      "axios": "^0.15.3",
      "babel-cli": "^6.11.4",
      "babel-core": "^6.13.2",
      "babel-preset-es2015": "^6.13.2",
      "babel-preset-react": "^6.11.1",
      "body-parser": "~1.16.0",
      "cookie-parser": "~1.4.3",
      "debug": "~2.6.0",
      "ejs": "^2.5.6",
      "express": "~4.14.1",
      "jade": "~1.11.0",
      
      "mongojs": "^2.4.0",
    
      "morgan": "~1.7.0",
      "react": "^15.4.2",
      "react-bootstrap": "^0.30.7",
      "react-dom": "^15.4.2",
      "react-router": "^2.6.1",
      "serve-favicon": "~2.3.2"
    },
    "devDependencies": {
      "babel-loader": "^6.2.10",
      "http-server": "^0.9.0",
      "webpack": "^1.13.3"
    }
  }

STEP 6: Setup ReactJs Build Dependencies:

• In package.json, add the following script and dev-dependencies.
  JavaScript

  "scripts": {
    "start": "node ./bin/www",
    "start": "webpack --progress --colors --watch -d",
    "build": "webpack --progress --colors -p"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "babel-loader": "^6.2.10",
    "http-server": "^0.9.0",
    "webpack": "^1.13.3"
  }

• Config the webpack.config.js file as follows:
  JavaScript

  var webpack = require('webpack');
  
  var definePlugin = new webpack.DefinePlugin({
      __DEV__: JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(process.env.BUILD_DEV || 'true')),
      __PRERELEASE__: JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(process.env.BUILD_PRERELEASE || 'false'))
  });
  var commonsPlugin = new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin('common.js');
  module.exports = {
      cache: true,
      entry: {      main:  './views/index.jsx'   },
      output: {    path: 'public/build',        filename: '[name].js'    },
      module: {
          loaders: [
              {test: /\.jsx?$/, loader: 'babel', 
              exclude: /(node_modules|bower_components)/, query: { presets: ['react', 'es2015'] }},
          ]
      },
      resolve: {
          extensions: ['', '.js', '.jsx']
      },
      plugins: [
          definePlugin,
          commonsPlugin
      ]
  };

• From command prompt, run 'npm start'. This will create a new directory called build inside public folder. and the following files will be there:

  

• Create index.html file inside public folder.
  HTML

  <!doctype html>
  <html lang="en">
    <head>
      <meta charset="utf-8">
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
      <link rel="shortcut icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/favicon.ico">
  
      <title>MERN</title>
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
      <link rel="stylesheet" href="./stylesheets/style.css" />
      <link rel="stylesheet" href="./stylesheets/App.css" />
      <script src="./build/common.js"></script>
  
    </head>
    <body>
    <div id="root"></div>
    <script src="./build/main.js"></script>
  
    </body>
  </html>

• Change the routes in routes/index.js as follows:
  JavaScript

  var express = require('express');
  var router = express.Router();
  
  /* GET home page. */
  router.get('/', function(req, res, next) {
   // res.render('index', { title: 'Express'}); this is the old line
    res.render('index.html');
  });
  
  module.exports = router;

• Change the app-engine in app.js.
  JavaScript

  // view engine setup
  app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));
  app.set('view engine', 'ejs'); 
  app.engine('html', require('ejs').renderFile);

• Create an index.jsx in /views folder:
  JavaScript

  import React from 'react';
  import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
  import App from './App';
  
  
  ReactDOM.render(
    <App />,
    document.getElementById('root')
  );

• Create a App.jsx in /views folder:

  import React, { Component } from 'react';
  
  
  
  class App extends Component {
    render() {
      return (
        <div className="App">
          <div className="App-header">
            <img src="./images/logo.svg" className="App-logo" alt="logo" />
            <h2>Welcome to React+ Express +Mongo</h2>
          </div>
        </div>
      );
    }
  }
  
  export default App;

• From browser, run http://localhost:3000/:

STEP 7: Run Mongo

• Run mongodb.exe - it will start the mongodb.

  

• Connect to todoapp database using the following command:

  

STEP 8: Develop the Server-side

• Create the server REST API in routes/todo.js:
  JavaScript

  var express = require('express');
  var router = express.Router();
  var mongojs = require('mongojs');
  var db = mongojs('mongodb://localhost:27017/todoapp', ['todos']);
  
  // Get All todos
  router.get('/todos', function(req, res, next){
      db.todos.find(function(err, todos){
          if(err){
              res.send(err);
          }
          res.json(todos);
      });
  });
  
  // Get Single Task
  router.get('/todo/:id', function(req, res, next){
      db.todos.findOne({_id: mongojs.ObjectId(req.params.id)}, function(err, todo){
          if(err){
              res.send(err);
          }
          res.json(todo);
      });
  });
  
  //Save todo
  router.post('/new', function(req, res, next){
      var todo = req.body;
      if(!todo.title || !(todo.isDone + '')){
          res.status(400);
          res.json({
              "error": "Bad Data"
          });
      } else {
          db.todos.save(todo, function(err, todo){
              if(err){
                  res.send(err);
              }
              res.json(todo);
          });
      }
  });
  
  // Delete todo
  router.delete('/todo/:id', function(req, res, next){
      db.todos.remove({_id: mongojs.ObjectId(req.params.id)}, function(err, todo){
          if(err){
              res.send(err);
          }
          res.json(todo);
      });
  });
  
  // Update todo
  router.put('/todo/:id', function(req, res, next){
      var todo = req.body;
      var updtodo = {};
  
      if(todo.isDone){
          updtodo.isDone = todo.isDone;
      }
  
      if(todo.title){
          updtodo.title = todo.title;
      }
  
      if(!updtodo){
          res.status(400);
          res.json({
              "error":"Bad Data"
          });
      } else {
          db.todos.update({_id: mongojs.ObjectId(req.params.id)},updtodo, {}, function(err, todo){
              if(err){
                  res.send(err);
              }
              res.json(todo);
          });
      }
  });
  
  module.exports = router;

STEP 9: Develop the Client-side

• Add model:
  JavaScript

  //mode/todo.js
  'use strict';
  //import dependency
  var mongoose = require('mongoose');
  var Schema = mongoose.Schema;
  
  //create new instance of the mongoose.schema. the schema takes an object that shows
  //the shape of your database entries.
  var TodoSchema = new Schema({
    title: String,
    description: String,
    priority: String,
    duedate: String,
    status: String
  
  });
  
  //export our module to use in server.js
  module.exports = mongoose.model('Todo', TodoSchema);

• Add Form Component 'TodoForm'.
  JavaScript

  import React, { Component } from 'react';
  import style from './style';
  
  export default  class TodoForm extends Component {
      constructor(props) {
          super(props);
          this.state = { author: '', text: '' };
  
          this.handleSubmit = this.handleSubmit.bind(this);
      }
  
      handleSubmit(e) {
          e.preventDefault();
          let author = this.state.author.trim();
          let text = this.state.text.trim();
          if (!text || !author) {
              return;
          }
          this.props.onCommentSubmit({ author: author, text: text });
          this.setState({ author: '', text: '' });
      }
      render() {
          return (
  
         <div>
              <h1> Add new Todo</h1>
              <form  onSubmit={ this.handleSubmit }>
                  <div className="form-group">
                      <label for="exampleInputEmail1">Title</label>
                      <input type="text" className="form-control" 
                       id="exampleInputEmail1" 
                       aria-describedby="emailHelp" 
                       placeholder="Title"/>
  
                  </div>
                  <div className="form-group">
                      <label for="exampleSelect1">Priority</label>
                      <select className="form-control" 
                      id="exampleSelect1">
                          <option>High</option>
                          <option>Medium</option>
                          <option>Normal</option>
  
                      </select>
                  </div>
                  <div className="form-group">
                      <label for="exampleTextarea">Description</label>
                      <input type="text" className="form-control" 
                       id="exampleTextarea"placeholder="Description"/>
                  </div>
                  <div className="form-group">
                      <label for="datetimepicker1">Due date</label>
                      <div className='input-group date' id='datetimepicker1'>
                          <input type='text' className="form-control" />
                          <span className="input-group-addon">
                          <span className="glyphicon glyphicon-calendar"></span>
                      </span>
                      </div>
                  </div>
                  <button type="submit" className="btn btn-primary">Add</button>
                  <button type="cancel" className="btn btn-danger">Cancel</button>
              </form>
             </div>
          )
      }
  }

• Add List Component:
  JavaScript

  import React, { Component } from 'react';
  
  
  export default class TodoList extends Component {
      render() {
          let todoNodes = this.props.data.map(todo => {
              return (
                  <div className="panel panel-primary">
                      Title : {todo.title}
                  </div>
              )
          })
          return (
  
              <div className="panel panel-success">
                  <h1> All Todos </h1>
                  { todoNodes }
              </div>
          )
      }
  }

• Update App.jsx:
  JavaScript

  import React, { Component } from 'react';
  import style from './style';
  import TodoForm from './TodoForm';
  import TodoList from './TodoList';
  
  import axios from 'axios';
  
  class App extends Component {
  
      constructor(props) {
          super(props);
          this.state = { data: [] };
          this.loadTodosFromServer = this.loadTodosFromServer.bind(this);
          this.handleTodoSubmit = this.handleTodoSubmit.bind(this);
          this.handleTodoDelete = this.handleTodoDelete.bind(this);
          this.handleTodoUpdate = this.handleTodoUpdate.bind(this);
      }
      loadTodosFromServer() {
          axios.get(this.props.url)
              .then(res => {
                  this.setState({ data: res.data });
              })
      }
      handleTodoSubmit(comment) {
          let comments = this.state.data;
          comment.id = Date.now();
          let newComments = comments.concat([comment]);
          this.setState({ data: newComments });
          axios.post(this.props.url+'/todo/'+comment.id, comment)
              .catch(err => {
                  console.error(err);
                  this.setState({ data: comments });
              });
      }
      handleTodoDelete(id) {
          axios.delete(`${this.props.url}/${id}`)
              .then(res => {
                  console.log('Comment deleted');
              })
              .catch(err => {
                  console.error(err);
              });
      }
      handleTodoUpdate(id, comment) {
          //sends the comment id and new author/text to our api
          axios.put(`${this.props.url}/${id}`, comment)
              .catch(err => {
                  console.log(err);
              })
      }
      componentDidMount() {
          this.loadTodosFromServer();
          setInterval(this.loadTodosFromServer, this.props.pollInterval);
      }
  
  
     render() {
      return (
        <div className="App">
          <div className="App-header">
            <img src="./images/logo.svg" 
            className="App-logo" alt="logo" />
            <h2>Welcome to React+ Express +Mongo</h2>
          </div>
            <TodoList
                onTodoDelete={ this.handleTodoDelete }
                onTodoUpdate={ this.handleTodoUpdate }
                data={ this.state.data }/>
            <TodoForm onTodoSubmit={ this.handleTodoSubmit }/>
  
  
        </div>
      );
    }
  }
  
  export default App;

• Update index.jsx:
  JavaScript

  import React from 'react';
  import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
  import App from './App';
  
  ReactDOM.render(
    <App url='http://localhost:3000/todos'
         pollInterval={2000}/>,
    document.getElementById('root')
  );

• From browser:

  

Hopefully, this application will be helpful in understanding the technology in a practical manner and developing the first application using React.js with Express and MongoDB.

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