Group by the loan ID, then use COUNT(*) to count the number of people in that group:
SELECT
tbl_loans.loanID, COUNT(*) AS CountInGroup
FROM tbl_loans
JOIN tbl_Borrowers
ON tbl_loans.loanID = tbl_Borrowers.loanID
GROUP BY
tbl_loans.loanID
Note that it does not matter which loanID you choose so long as you are consistent between your GROUP BY and SELECT.