How to start design SQL tables

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SQL

SQL-Server-2008R2

Please How I can design SQL tables,Please give me Idea for that How to start.I am new on technology.please i need urgent help
I need to design these tables First TableCustomer

Unique Id	Mandatory
Name	Mandatory
First Name	Mandatory
Middle Name	Optional
Last Name	Optional
EmailId	Mandatory
Mobile#	Mandatory
Telephone#	Mandatory
Fax#	Optional
Credit Limit	Optional
Credit Days	Mandatory
Uadjusted Amount	Mandatory
IsActive	Mandatory
Bill Address	Optional
Ship Address	Optional
Total Balance	Mandatory
Contact Person Name	Mandatory
Opening Balance	Mandatory
Created DateTime	Mandatory
Modify DateTime	Mandatory
INACTIVE_DATE 	Optional

Second table Invoice

Unique Id	Mandatory
Invoice#	Mandatory
Invoice Amount in Home Currency	Mandatory
Invoice Amount in Foreign Currency	Mandatory
Invoice Date	Mandatory
Due Date	Mandatory
Exchange Rate	Mandatory
CurrencyName	Mandatory
Balance Amount in Home Currency	Mandatory
Balance Amount in Foriegn Currency	Mandatory
Customer Id	Mandatory
CustomerName	Mandatory
Purchase Order#	Optional
Purchase Order Date	Optional
SalesPerson Name	Optional
Transaction Type	Mandatory
IsPaid	Optional
Created DateTime	Mandatory
Modify DateTime	Mandatory

Third Table Vendor

Unique Id	Mandatory
Name	Mandatory
First Name	Mandatory
Middle Name	Optional
Last Name	Optional
EmailId	Mandatory
Mobile#	Mandatory
Telephone#	Mandatory
Fax#	Optional
Credit Limit	Optional
Credit Days	Mandatory
Uadjusted Amount	Mandatory
IsActive	Mandatory
Bill Address	Optional
Ship Address	Optional
Total Balance	Mandatory
Contact Person Name	Mandatory
Opening Balance	Mandatory
Created DateTime	Mandatory
Modify DateTime	Mandatory
INACTIVE_DATE 	Optional

fourth table Bill

Unique Id	Mandatory
Bill#	Mandatory
Bill Amount in Home Currency	Mandatory
Bill Amount in Foreign Currency	Mandatory
Bill Date	Mandatory
Due Date	Mandatory
Exchange Rate	Mandatory
CurrencyName	Mandatory
Balance Amount in Home Currency	Mandatory
Balance Amount in Foriegn Currency	Mandatory
Vendor Id	Mandatory
Vendor Name	Mandatory
Purchase Order#	Optional
Purchase Order Date	Optional
SalesPerson Name	Optional
Transaction Type	Mandatory
IsPaid	Optional
Created DateTime	Mandatory
Modify DateTime	Mandatory

Fifth table Receipt

Unique ID	Mandatory
Receipt # or Adjustment Reference	Mandatory
Receipt Date	Mandatory
Invoice #	Mandatory
Invoice Date	Mandatory
Receipt Amount In Home Currency	Mandatory
Exchange Rate	Mandatory
Receipt Amount in Foreign Currency	Mandatory
Customer Id	Mandatory
Customer Name	Mandatory
Receipt Type	Mandatory
Created DateTime	Mandatory
Modify DateTime	Mandatory

we need these tables but as above i am seeing that there are customerId and CustomerName is references for Invoice table and receipt table same as for invoceNo, InvoiceDate,........so i am fix will I need to create more than 5 tables for that?

can anyone give me a suitable Idea for that please.
as i told I am new on this technology.

What I have tried:

I did not start anything yet, I need just an idea if i create a table for CustomerId, Customername and make primary key for taking references other table,,,same as for InvoiceNo and InvoiceDate and so........


please i need your urgent help for that.