Your mdf file should run on a shared machine, not be deployed as it is central in the database system that you are updating in the same database or your updates wouldn't be visible to each other. So move the database to a network location. then make that locations reachable from the places you deploy and update your database connection.
1. Detach, filecopy, attach:
MSDN steps to complete[
^]
2. configure to allow external connections
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/walzenbach/archive/2010/04/14/how-to-enable-remote-connections-in-sql-server-2008.aspx[
Allowing remote connections]
3. update sql connection string
Add a connection to Server Explorer pane in MS Visual Studio, then rightclick on it and select properties (f4) you should find the connection string. Copy that to where you had one.