That's because there is no file named libbluetooth-dev.
libbluetooth-dev is the name of a package, consisting of many files. You can find which files are in an installed package using
dpgk -L package-name. To get the list of files of a package you have not installed, you use
apt-file list package-name. If apt-file is not installed on your system, you can do
sudo apt install apt-file
sudo apt-file update
apt-file list libbluetooth-dev
You might also want to install
mlocate:
$ sudo apt install mlocate
$ sudo updatedb
$ locate libbluetooth.so
/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libbluetooth.so.3
/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libbluetooth.so.3.18.16
$
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