As Nathan Minier said, JQuery is just a library written using javascript. So, the question is odd in a sense. But JQuery is also written heavily to replace many common functionality to write code in much simpler fashion. As well as JQuery offers functionality that deal with cross browser compatibility issues. I am not good at JQuery, but I will give you some basic idea based on your code.
#$("#uniq_id_of_element");
# example of writing html text in an element
$("#uniq_id_of_element").html("This text");
# example of writing value to an input object
$("#uniq_id_of_element").val("10")
# example of reading value to an input object
var x=$("#uniq_id_of_element").val();
# example of onclick even handling
$("#uniq_id_of_element").click(function(){ console.log("I am clicked! I am clicked!"); })
# example css
$("#uniq_id_of_element").css("border-left", "1px sold gold");
Suggestion:
You wrote a for loop to check if your input box have the value that is assigned in your array, which can be replaced by
indexOf function[
^]
if(allowedValues.indexOf($("#zeInput").val()) != -1) {
$("#msg").html("Life is beautiful!");
}