Things will get more complicated if you try to combine server-side controls with client-side functionality. GridView is a server-side data control which provides server-side capabilities that you can take advantage of. If you want manipulate the data in GridView at the client (JavaScript) then you'll have to learn JavaScript to manipulate the DOM (HTML elements). You could try looking at jQuery as it provides selectors that you can use to manipulate the DOM and it also provides AJAX APIs that enables you to communicate with your server data asynchronously. But be aware that this may take you alot of time and effort if you are not familiar with client-side scripting.
You other option would be to use a pre-cooked client-side grid that does all the basic things you need for your grid. One good example is using Bootstrap DataTables. See this for demo:
DataTables example - Individual column searching (text inputs)[^]