That's complicated, because it's not the row height that is the controlling factor in this - it's the cell content size, which normally means the font size of the text it is displaying.
Yes, you can resize the cells each time the DGV changes, but unless the font size changes, all that means is that the text is displayed the same in a bigger white space. And matching font size to "total DGV size" isn't simple: they don't use the same units of measurement so it isn't a trivial job at all.
I'd see if I could rethink this: Windows Forms isn't good at automatic resizing of controls at all, so redesigning your UI could be a better move than faffing around with trying to get it to work - because there will always be cases when it doesn't look at all good!
WPF is pretty good at it:
wpf - How to make all controls resize accordingly proportionally when window is maximized? - Stack Overflow[
^] provided you pick your UI elements carefully!