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But in the early days, byte adressability was rather uncommon. It came with the IBM 360 mainframe series (and their marketing people upset both competitors and customers by selling memory by the price per kilo, when the audience realized that IBM was talking about kilo bytes of 8 bits while the competitors were talking about kilo words, that might be 32 or 36 bits. (For small computers, the word might be 18 or 16 bits, but they were not competing against the 360 series.)
The 360 architecture did not immediately force byte adressability onto everybody. Take the Univac 1100, a significant competitor with the 360 (much less in the US than in Europe, though) - it went through the 60s, 70s and 80s without ever getting byte adressability. The later models in the series had a few instructions for register operations on a quarter word (9 bit bytes) or sixth word (6 bit bytes), so you didn't have to do all the shifting and masking yourself. There was no way to write back to RAM anything less than a full 36 bit word.
You could see similar things on a lot of machines, even those brought to market during the 70s. Decsystem-10 and -20 were 36 bit word adressable (with some byte-related instructions like on the late U1100). PDP-11 had byte-adressable RAM, but the Nordic competitors from Norsk Data were 16-bit word adressable.
If you were in a Fortran environment, and were able to address single bytes, my guess is that you were in the PDP-11 world. Early "scientific" IBM machines (like the 709 and 7090) were word adressable 36 bits architectures. Even the ICL 1900 was 24 bit word adressable, but actually had intstructions for addressing 6 bit bytes within the word; the hard logic would do the masking and shifting when retrieving or updating only a quarter of a word. In RAM, a single byte would still take a full 24 bit word if you couldn't combine it with other single bytes. (But again: If you use five instruction words to save one byte of data space, you lost the game!)
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- Bug without this. Couldn't start from 2.
- Wow! No wonder we're in debt.
- Never! The only other correct way of writing it is YYYY-MM-DD.
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3) ...and uses UTC...
Sent from my Amstrad PC 1640
Never throw anything away, Griff
Bad command or file name. Bad, bad command! Sit! Stay! Staaaay...
AntiTwitter: @DalekDave is now a follower!
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I was so happy when 2012 was over! I did loose a lot of hair from intense head scratching over dates like 01/02/03 or 01-02-03, which has at least three different interpretations. 01/02/13 reduced it to two, and the slashes raised the probability of one of them. 01-02-13 rasised the probability of the other. With 13-01-02, you could almost be sure of the interpretation, 13/01/02 tended towards the other, but with less certainty. Still, you can't know for sure unless you have two parts of 13+, but the period from 2001 to 2012 was really a nightmare wrt. interpreting dates.
I really wish that the transition to ISO 8601 (i.e. yyyy-mm-dd style) would go faster! I know that "International Standards Organization", ISO, makes a lot of USAnians stall: It isn't invented here! But doesn't the American Standards Asocciation provide an American standard with the same contents, but a True American Standard reference that can be used to promote it in the USA?
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Make double standards great again!
"If we don't change direction, we'll end up where we're going"
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megaadam wrote: Make double standards great again!
But a lot of standards do have several standard numbers, because they have been developed in close cooperation of two or more standard organizations. Quite a few telecommunication standards have both an ISO number and an ITU "recommendation" number (like X.509). Some IEEE standards are identical to ISO standards. In Germany, DIN (eutsches Institut für Normung) is the German branch of ISO. They were very early with some standards (like DIN 45500 which all old-time hifi freaks know well) - parts of this was made into ISO standards with different numbers.
In a few cases, the standards have small "editorial" differences, such as whether the final part(s) are called an "appendix" or "annex". Or mandatory definition of certain terms such as MAY and MUST. There may be other formal requirements, such as ITU referring to specific regulatory units in the telecom world, which is against ISO principles, so those are replaced by terms like "the management organization" - not identifying a specific one. The technical contents of the standard is completely unaffected by these differences.
Sometimes, you may see national standards such as Norsk Standard 646 - NS 646 is identical to ISO 646 ("ASCII") but with an addendum defining its use in Norway. Fortunately, 646 was unused in the NS number series; in other cases, the NS number differs from the ISO number, for the same technical content. And for some standards, the English text isn't even translated to Norwegian for the NS version.
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I thought everything these days was made in China!
I just bought a TV that says built in Antennae and I don't even know where the hell that is?
I do all my own stunts, but never intentionally!
JaxCoder.com
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Have you never heard of the battle in the Antennes?
I have lived with several Zen masters - all of them were cats.
His last invention was an evil Lasagna. It didn't kill anyone, and it actually tasted pretty good.
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I used to fight with Rabbit ears years ago and occasionally tin foil but never with antennae.
I do all my own stunts, but never intentionally!
JaxCoder.com
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REMEMBER THE ANTENNAE!
I wanna be a eunuchs developer! Pass me a bread knife!
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This is Antennae!
“That which can be asserted without evidence, can be dismissed without evidence.”
― Christopher Hitchens
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I hear it's highly recommended for get-togethers. Graduations, weddings, anniversaries, all kinds of ceremonies - they're the best for receptions.
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Oops. The beings on planet Antennae accidentally left the label on the TV before exporting it. And Trump thinks he has a trade imbalance with China -- if he only knew the true truth!
Latest Article - Azure Function - Compute Pi Stress Test
Learning to code with python is like learning to swim with those little arm floaties. It gives you undeserved confidence and will eventually drown you. - DangerBunny
Artificial intelligence is the only remedy for natural stupidity. - CDP1802
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Marc Clifton wrote: if he only knew the true truth
If only...
I do all my own stunts, but never intentionally!
JaxCoder.com
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let me guess, it stopped working and you want to try and fix it yourself so you're looking for a tech manual.
Be careful, the "Warranty Void if Removed" sticker really is damn hard to get off without destroying it, use the sharpest blade you can find and be patient, really patient.
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A Chinese satellite state I believe. Hmm, but then with that name...
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Here it is - off Antarctica!
Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.
-- 6079 Smith W.
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No wonder I don't know where it is, it's cold there and I don't do cold!
I do all my own stunts, but never intentionally!
JaxCoder.com
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It's only winter slightly more than 11 months a year. The rest of the time is summer, and you'd be as happy as can be!
Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.
-- 6079 Smith W.
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I've lived in the south (US) 99% of my life and when it gets below 60 I am cold, especially now that I'm older. I haven't seen snow in almost 40 years!, and that's been to soon.
I do all my own stunts, but never intentionally!
JaxCoder.com
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60 degrees? When I lived in England any time the temperature went above 60 degrees in the summer they started talking about a "heat-wave"!
- I would love to change the world, but they won’t give me the source code.
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Isn't it the capital of Madagascar?
Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time to pause and reflect. - Mark Twain
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This wash tag has made the rounds on the Internet here in Norway: Produsert i Kalkun[^].
For those of you who do not read Norwegian: A turkey is called "en kalkun" in Norwegian.
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I tried to avoid the Docker hype for a while, as I am not really enthousiastic about Docker for Windows, but as the pressure is mounting I had to give in. Sadly no one seems to realize the amount of work on the Builder side that will be needed, and also to get the images served properly.
Well enough whining for now, I had a look at this overview: https://www.slant.co/topics/2436/~docker-image-private-registries[^]
And to me Harbor looks like an interesting choice, but I would like to hear if anyone has had any experience with it in a Windows environment.
Looking forward to your reaction(s)
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