Turned out there was a control I could use java to invoke which created the correct viewstate and post data.
public void CompletedHander(object sender,
WebBrowserDocumentCompletedEventArgs e)
{
HtmlElement webDatePicker = wb.Document.GetElementById("ctl00_WebSplitter1_tmpl1_ContentPlaceHolder1_dtePickerBegin");
string szJava = string.Empty;
szJava = "a = $find(\"ctl00_WebSplitter1_tmpl1_ContentPlaceHolder1_dtePickerBegin\"); a.set_text(\"5/20/2017\");";
object a = wb.Document.InvokeScript("eval", new object[] { szJava });
if (webDatePicker != null)
webDatePicker.InvokeMember("submit");
HtmlElement button = wb.Document.GetElementById("ctl00$WebSplitter1$tmpl1$ContentPlaceHolder1$HeaderBTN1$btnRetrieve");
if (button != null)
{
button.InvokeMember("click");
}
}