Alternative for SQL Cursor or While loop ?

CREATE Table #Temp 
(
  Ind INT IDENTITY(1,1),
  EmpID VARCHAR(50),
  DOJ DATE,
  SAL INT,
  Nationality VARCHAR(50)
)
DECLARE @MinIdt INT, @MaxIdt INT
INSERT INTO #Temp SELECT EMPID,DOJ,SAL FROM EMP --------- FOR SOME CONDITION
	DECLARE @MinIdt INT
    DECLARE @MaxIdt INT
SELECT @MinIdt = MIN(IDT), @MaxIdt = MAX(IDT) FROM  #Temp
	WHILE @MinIdt <= @MaxIdt
	BEGIN  
	 -- Check 1st Condition
	     --IF EXISTS 
	        --CHECK 2nd Condition
	  		   -- IF True 3rd Condition
	  		       --THEN 				
	  		          -- check Nationality for lets say Indian 4th Condition
	  		            --Update Emp table with condition
	  		             -- Update one more log table
	  		           --else   
	  		             --check for lets say NRI 
	  						 --Update Emp table with condition
	  						 -- Update one more log table
	  		                
    END