What is the difference of the decalaration of these pointers.

First off, indent your code. That makes it a whole load more readable, even in simple examples like this!

main( )
    {
    int s[5][2] = { { 1234, 56 },
                    { 1212, 33 },
                    { 1434, 80 },
                    { 1312, 78 } } ;
    int ( *p )[2] ;
    int i, j, *pint ;
    for ( i = 0 ; i <= 3 ; i++ )
        {
        p = &s[i] ;
        pint = p ;
        printf ( "\n" ) ;
        for ( j = 0 ; j <= 1 ; j++ )
           printf ( "%d ", *( pint + j ) ) ;
        }
    }

Second, particularly when you are beginning, always use curly brackets, even if they are not needed:

for ( j = 0 ; j <= 1 ; j++ )
   {
   printf ( "%d ", *( pint + j ) ) ;
   }

That way it's harder for you to make a mistake, and assume that code you add is part of the loop.

Thirdly, when you compile that app, you will get a warning: "assignment from incompatible pointer type" because p and pint are not the same type:
pint is a "pointer to an integer", p is an "array of pointer to integers" - or a "pointer to a pointer to an integer"
And you get different values as a result when you try to print them, if only because *pint is an integer and thus 32 bits long, and *p is pointer and thus 64 bits long.

Don't ignore warnings: at this stage the compiler knows a lot better than you do! (And I do, sometimes - I have my compiler options set to treat warnings as errors so I can;t ignore them. If I get a warning it almost always means I made a mistake, not the compiler!