|
trønderen wrote: Can a house contain multiple housing units? (such as an apartment building)
A processor is multiple chips then?
trønderen wrote: Can a housing unit consist of multiple houses? (such as the main house, a garage and a shed)
It can't, in economical terms, they a single piece.
You saying a chip can be a microprocessor and a microprocessor can be a chip?
Didn't I just hear that they not the same?
Bastard Programmer from Hell 
"If you just follow the bacon Eddy, wherever it leads you, then you won't have to think about politics." -- Some Bell.
|
|
|
|
|
Eddy Vluggen wrote: A processor is multiple chips then?
In exactly the same way as my house is multiple houses, right?
There were a number of processors thirty to forty years ago requiring multiple chips. Maye there still are some, but I haven't seen any multi-chip processors for quite some time.
In any case, you turned my analogy upside down. A processor (the functional part, the housing unit) resides in a physical unit, a chip, a building. Like an apartment can house multiple functional housing units, can a physical chip house several processors. In a multi-core CPU, some of the processors may be identical, but the chip may in addition house I/O-processors, graphic processors, debug processors and other specialized pones.
It can't, in economical terms, they a single piece. Several of my friends have housing units which has a main house, a garage, a shed and even other houses. They are one housing unit, but spread on several physical units.
In the old days, you could have one main CPU, supported by a Floating Point Unit, possibly also a Memory Management Unit - the CPU, FPU and MMU being three different chips, making up one single processor.
If you go further back in history, even the CPU core was built on multiple chips: The iAPX432 processor had one chip to fetch and decode instructions, one to execute them, and a third chip controlling I/O.
For some years, many 16- or 32-bit CPUs were built from an array of "bit slice" chips - typically 4-bit AMD290x. The 290x were labeled 'bit slice processors', but they were not: They were hardcoded ALU logic that could be activated through control lines. The programming was external to the 290x. (That's exactly what you did when building a real processor from 4 or 8 290x chips.
Way back in time, CPUs were typically built from hundreds of 74 series chips, usually with support of a fair number of discrete components.
So in the old days, processors were built from several chips. Nowadays, several processors may be placed on the same chip.
You saying a chip can be a microprocessor and a microprocessor can be a chip? "<x> can be a <y>" is the wrong way of saying it. To build the functionality of a processor, you might need to use several chips, although that is rarely the case today. And you can build the functionality of multiple processors onto the same chip. A chip is a physical electronic component. A processor is a functionality realized by (a) suitable chip(s).
My problem is understanding how this can be a problem to understand.
|
|
|
|
|
trønderen wrote: and even other houses. They are one housing unit
Yeah, so one house, consists of houses, many units.
trønderen wrote: Several of my friends have housing units which has a main house, a garage, a shed and even other houses. They are one housing unit, but spread on several physical units.
Administative.
Normalization still stands. Not impressed.
Bastard Programmer from Hell
"If you just follow the bacon Eddy, wherever it leads you, then you won't have to think about politics." -- Some Bell.
|
|
|
|
|
Dave Kreskowiak wrote: There's tons of other chips out there that are not processors, like arrays of AND gates, and whatnot.
The fraction, at least in transistor count, has been steadily falling, though. Years ago, you designed electronics from 74-series chips. Nowadays, that is for extremely simple cases.
The primary example of "dumb" chips today are memory chips of various technologies - but modern memory access protocols are so complex that the handling is getting close to a 'processing' task. I haven't yet heard of a memory chip flash update, but I won't be surprised the day it comes. (At least not as surprised as I was the first time a flash update was announced for my SLR lens. What?? Does a lens have a flash?? Nowadays, most SLR lenses do!)
|
|
|
|
|
What I might be saying probably isn`t science language but it seems that microprocessors have enough unique characteristics to make them stand out from the rest in the microchip family. Like it has become a breed of its own and deserves a distinct chapter.
The country I`m coming from doesn`t have a microprocessor printing plant so I`m not qualified to say what is the correct term for this or that in this field.
|
|
|
|
|
Surprise of the day: That this is a problem.
A chip (whether micro or not, I rarely hear people refer to microchips) is a collection of electronic basic components (transistors, resistors, capacitors, ...) in one physical package - a quite general term.
One chip, or possibly a well defined set of chips, may be designed as programmable: It may access a set of instructions from a more or less independent storage, that will determine how the chip(s) behave(s). Another set of instructions (i.e. another program) can make the chip behave differently. The programmability is what identifies the chip(s) as a microprocessor.
'Microprocessor' is functionality, not transistors etc. 'Chip' is any package of components like transistors etc.
You may of course press extreme definitions. E.g. How many changeable bits does it take to define it as a 'program'? If an I/O-controller reads a 4-bit set of flags, a 4-bit "program", behaving in one of 16 different ways, is it then a microprocessor? Depends on your understanding of what is a program.
Many advanced chips of today contain several microprocessors, sometimes arbitrarily programable, but some of them may be running a single program, read from flash memory (or even ROM). Yet, that set of electronic components is capable of running another program, if flashed in.
Are there still multi-chip microprocessors being made? There is this concept of a "chipset", doing lot of support tasks for the main CPU, especially related to I/O, but more and more of this is taken over by the main CPU chip. What is still left to the "chipset" are so advanced I/O-functions that the logic most definitely is programmable, and deserves to be called a microprocessor it its own right. Or some more specialized term, such as a GPU. These are distinct microprocessor; they are not a multi-chip single microprocessor. Maybe there still are multi-chip microprocessors around - thirty years ago, they were not uncommon.
In the old days, you saw a lot of chips that could do a single function, determined by how the components where hooked together, and no program store that can be updated or replaced to make the circuits do another job. Since the first super-simple 74-chips appeared, there has been a steady trend towards replacing dedicated circuitry with programmable, so we see more and more microprocessor crammed into a single chip, and more and more non-programmable chips being replaced by programmable ones. I tend to relate to non-programmable chips as in the same class as discrete resistors and capacitors, primarily used to adapt a more complex chip (with one or more microprocessors) to an outside world.
What was once single-function, non-programmable chips (say, a counter, shift register or clock) are so primitive by today's standards that there is no reason to make a separate chip for it. You integrate it on the microprocessor chip, treating it as a basic component, an 'advanced transistor' (or a sibling thereof).
Then, since I rarely hear anyone referring to 'microchip': Could there be a confusion with what is commonly referred to as a 'chiplet', i.e. part of the components making up a microprocessor? A number of new processors of today are made in smaller pieces, "silicon-wise", for greater flexibility. These silicon pieces are put together in a single package. If a processor is marketed in several variants, e.g. with or without a vector unit, there may be a single set of chiplets, but the vectorless chip omits the vector unit chiplet. Also, if one chiplet fails at testing (before integration on the chip), the loss is limited compared to a huge multi-billion-transistor chip failing.
|
|
|
|
|
Microchips are what's left after your partner gets to the chips first.
"Before entering on an understanding, I have meditated for a long time, and have foreseen what might happen. It is not genius which reveals to me suddenly, secretly, what I have to say or to do in a circumstance unexpected by other people; it is reflection, it is meditation." - Napoleon I
|
|
|
|
|
Hello everybody,
It's my first question in 2022, so "happy new year" to all!
I encounter a strange effect and really need an idea on how to find what is exactly happening and how to resolve the problem. Everything went perfectly fine in the exact same setup (as described in the following) before I moved house (coming from less than 1 mile away) a few months ago...
Whilst other devices use WiFi to connect to my private WLAN, one of the desktops is supposed to use maximum speed (72 Mbps download) and bandwidth via a CAT-5 LAN cable. The router is a standard model of the provider and has been exchanged already, the desktop is running Windows 10 and permanently updated. In addition, I updated all the device drivers using the "Avast Driver Updater" software.
What happens is that the Router (given it's connected via LAN) disconnects and reboots approximately every 1/2 hour. After approx. 1 minute it restarts (with the full procedure of lights blinking etc.), so that the interruption lasts around 2-3 minutes in total. For another 1/2 hour (this interval changes wildly, sometimes it is 1 hour, sometimes only 20 min or e.g. during the night even several hours) everything seems to be running normal with no indication of an error and at full speed.
I've tried using 2 different LAN devices of the desktop computer (1 PCI-Express and a built-in Gigabit-device) and also all 4 different LAN inputs of the router. No change that I would have been able to observe. Since I couldn't resolve the problem, I'm currently using a WiFi stick which works perfectly but only makes 60% the speed (approx. 47 Mbps).
Would someone please help me narrow down the error and/or give me hints on how/where I can find help on such a peculiar problem? Thank you very much in advance!
Michael
|
|
|
|
|
If all of the lights on the cable modem go out and start blinking while coming back up, the problem is not inside your network, it's on the outside, from your modem out the pole.
Have the cable company come out and replace the line from the pole to your cable modem.
|
|
|
|
|
Thank you, Dave. I'm afraid that, if you were right, the error would NOT only affect the desktop computer but rather all connected devices - which it doesn't.
The router as well as all the cables and sockets were exchanged by the provider twice already – they even had engineers replace the outside lines from the house to the area's "exchange unit".
|
|
|
|
|
About the only other thing I can think of is changing the route of any LAN cables going to the router. One of more of them is picking up interference power lines in the house?
Other than that, I can't think of anything else it could be.
|
|
|
|
|
That would be possible – the (only) LAN cable is installed closely to an extension lead with 6 plugs... I'm gonna try to change that, test the function again over night and report. The idea would correlate with the fact that in the old house everything in that respect was absolutely fine.
I read from what you write that there's no chance the computer (through the LAN sockets) would send anything (probably a test signal that could be misinterpreted) causing the router to re-boot. If I can drop this suspicion, I feel at least a little bit more on a track.
|
|
|
|
|
There's no chance of a "test signal" screwing up the router.
|
|
|
|
|
Sonhospa wrote: if you were right, the error would NOT only affect the desktop computer but rather all connected devices - which it doesn't.
Something doesn't make sense here. How can the router rebooting NOT affect all connected devices? If the router is rebooting, that would definitely disconnect all devices.
The difficult we do right away...
...the impossible takes slightly longer.
|
|
|
|
|
I got the impression your wifi works, but not your cat-5 cable connection. I would look at the cable and connectors; maybe you're shorting.
"Before entering on an understanding, I have meditated for a long time, and have foreseen what might happen. It is not genius which reveals to me suddenly, secretly, what I have to say or to do in a circumstance unexpected by other people; it is reflection, it is meditation." - Napoleon I
|
|
|
|
|
Have you tried using powerline adapters with separate short ethernet cables instead of a long ethernet cable (you don't actually specify how long the connection is)?
I have been using powerline adapters for many years without any problems. However, I lose quite a lot of speed as I run them across ring circuits (3 PCs on a triple port 200Mbps adapter on one ring, Router and NAS each with single port 500Mbps adapters on another ring) where they 'talk' through the distribution box (which is not recommended). Prior to 802.11n, this setup was faster than wireless (not all of my devices have wireless cards). Interestingly, if one of the PCs communicates with the NAS unit, the power adapters ignore the router and form an ad hoc link directly between the source and target nodes.
The cheapest price for a pair of 1Gbps single port adapters that I have seen today is £19.99 (you need a pair: 1 for the PC, 1 for the router).
|
|
|
|
|
Hello friends,
I am new on this forum and this is my first post. I am having a serious problem recently on my computer. I have been using Visual Studio software since a few months, but I am noticing for a few days, when I run this software, CPU usage is going to near about 80-90%. No other programs are open on my computer. Then why it is happening, I don't understand. Can someone help me to solve the issue? Any suggestion would be greatly appreciated.
|
|
|
|
|
Your chances of getting a useful reply would improve considerably if you mentioned which version of VS you're using (e.g. VS2017, VS2019) and what you're doing when this occurs.
It's also very unlikely that this is a hardware problem, so it would be much better to post it as a question (see "quick answers", above) that includes the missing information.
|
|
|
|
|
I have had it happen before and it usually goes away, sometimes after a reboot. But you may need to contact technical support if it keeps up.
|
|
|
|
|
I have applied this process by disconnecting the speaker from computer as there are no other devices connected there, only the speaker is connected. After removing this the CPU usage is showing near about 40%. Since the speaker does not need to be used that way, so I disconnected it. Anyway now I am able to work with my computer. I did not encounter a problem till now.
|
|
|
|
|
I have a box with many large-capacity harddrives and I'm running Windows 10 (I might be from the future and I'm getting a message from myself telling me that Windows 10 is now passe; what are ya going to do, right?). At least three of my large-capacity drives are HIDDEN, meaning that no drive letter is currently assigned to them. All drives on the system show up in Device Manager, even the ones that are only partition stubbs and have never held any data or user-accessible content.
The reason for putting these drives behind the scenes is many fold (ha, "manifold"). The main reason being that the content kept on them is redundant. Which leads me to my question:
When Windows, in general, begins it's reign of supremacy over my UPDATE/UPGRADE schedule, by background loading/downloading/installing then insisting (on whatever final action is necessary to some degree) on displaying the green checkmark, is "it" capable or does it "actually" take a look at those drives that Windows Explorer CAN NOT see (the aforementioned hidden members) to describe some system state and/or take note of drive space on them ... before it begins this tirade of going through the download/install update?
So, I guess I'm also asking whether anyone has ever encountered Windows sacking disc-space on a drive they've deemed non-accessible just for this non-documented behavioral annoyance?
|
|
|
|
|
I'm pretty sure it caches the updates on the C drive, and if the C drive doesn't have enough space, it throws an error. I don't believe it starts looking for available space on other drives.
The difficult we do right away...
...the impossible takes slightly longer.
|
|
|
|
|
I am finding it hard to find information about escape codes that the camera Canon EOS 2000D would respond to. Usually I connect devices such as a telescope mount through the serial port and I send strings to the mount and so on.
Canon do supply DLL libraries that allow communication with the camera. I am wondering if anyone has experience with this method, more importantly how to connect to the camera Wirelessly.
I also have a Skywatcher AZ-GTI mount that also connects wirelessly and I would like to also control it via my software NTC [network telescope control]. I have the necessary information for the mount, but not with the camera.
Nevertheless, Canon do supply the necessary DLL's. The other problem I have is how to connect to both devices together. One solution I have it to use two repeaters, each connecting to either device. Both repeaters then connect to a hub and my Windows machine plugs into the hub. How the IP addresses work then I don't know.
Any help would be appreciated.
Andrew David Sprott
|
|
|
|
|
You really need to get the technical documentation for both devices. It is impossible to guess what commands they use.
|
|
|
|
|
Well I have technical details of the mount but not the camera which is becoming almost impossible to find which is why I came to you.
AndRue
|
|
|
|
|
General 
News 
Suggestion 
Question 
Bug 
Answer 
Joke 
Praise 
Rant 
Admin 
Submit an article or tip
