I don't think you're going to be able to execute any code in your project during the compile to do this.
AFAIK, you would have to write an MSBuild extension (called a Task) to do it, then manually add this Task to your VB project file (.vbproj) in an appropriate place.
You're going to have to read up on
MSBuild and Tasks[
^].
Your Task is probably going to have to do it's work in your Resources.resx file, then run a tool called ResGen to generate the Resources.Designer.vb code.
I say "probably" because I honestly don't know how to do it. All I've done is drop the files found in the My Project fold into Notepad and poked around a little bit.