How to find out who was present at a particular location?

Sorry, but no - we can't help you here.

Without "active" monitoring devices such as cameras, you are dependant on "passive" devices, such as using cell tower info to determine user location. And there are major problems with that:
1) It's probably illegal unless you are law enforcement yourselves as access to the info would breach data protection, GDPR, and loads of privacy laws.
2) It's not feasible to do unless you know who you are checking: every man and his dog has a phone these days, and you would have to find the location of a huge number of those to narrow down your search. The amount of info you would be processing is enormous and beyond about everyone except Google and the NSA.
3) Even if you could identify perpetrators, you probably can't use it for anything unless you have actual eye-witness or camera footage of the vandalism: just saying "it happened between 18:00 and 08:00 the following day and these people went there" isn't evidence any court (outside China) would accept.

Sorry - but there isn't anything we can do to help: I'd suggest contacting local police, but if they are anythign like ours the'd be useless as well. I feel for you, but ...