Dissect Linux multiboot system - Hardware & Devices Discussion Boards

Impossible. Cut your losses and go home.

OK ... go for it. This is not where we go: "I couldn't help overhearing ..."

"Before entering on an understanding, I have meditated for a long time, and have foreseen what might happen. It is not genius which reveals to me suddenly, secretly, what I have to say or to do in a circumstance unexpected by other people; it is reflection, it is meditation." - Napoleon I

After clean install - from EFI ISO - my setup shows another "Ubuntu" boot resource. Is there a way I can physically determine on which device this file reside? ( in system setup ?)
I still do not know the actual name of these "Ubuntu" files. ( Any real reference to in which RTFM to find this in would be appreciated)

Somewhat related issue.
If I install the new , clean Ubuntu onto a USB stick ( 32GB ) , the "update-grub" will not detect the rest of the multiboot OS. It is officially disabled. However - the system setup will show yet another "Ubuntu" boot resource. ( Yes I can guess which file this new "Ubuntu" is on the small USB stick )

Try Enterprise Open Source and Linux | Ubuntu[^]

How were the electronical hardware settings on a plane stored before the invention of solid state hard drives? To my mind a plane`s auto pilot is a rather complex piece of software with a lot of data to be kept somewhere when the plane computer is off. Also there are plenty of other electronics that need the default settings saved somewhere when the power is off.
A conventional hard drive must have been rather unpractical on a moving vehicle.
Also the lack of storage makes you understand how rudimentary the aero plane electronical devices were in WW2 days and even a few decades after that.

[edit]
I think my question is broader that the scope of aero plane electronics. How are the default settings in (general purpose) electronics being saved? One of my guesses is that the logic is hard coded into the circuitry. For instance the shape of a number on an old numerical display is not saved digitally (as dots making the shape) but rather each of the 7 segments making the digit has a corresponding electronical component that kicks in when required. It`s really difficult to figure out how electronics work when you`re born with a notebook in your lap, somehow understand how the software works but preserve a very vague understanding of what`s under the notebook casing.

modified 20-Aug-22 10:16am.

I would think it's mostly analog; which in my mind is simpler than dealing with digital feedback information. Altitude, velocity, direction, orientation, ...; action - reaction.

"Before entering on an understanding, I have meditated for a long time, and have foreseen what might happen. It is not genius which reveals to me suddenly, secretly, what I have to say or to do in a circumstance unexpected by other people; it is reflection, it is meditation." - Napoleon I

thanks.
your second statement is slightly disorienting. You`re talking about digital "feedback" which is similar, on a superficial level, with force feedback. If my understanding is correct planes do have force feedback on the control column.

Edit
Question #1

On initial power -up I get black screen with centered hardware vendor logo and several lines of text - in lower right corner - giving info about how to access system setup using function keys.

what application posts these lines of text ?

Question #2

The above "lines of text" go away after a time

Where is this timeout set ?

Question #3

On multi OS system SINGLE message about "mdxx" timeout is causing total system crash...
This particular mdxx device is unused , non working leftover from RAID 5...

There is NO question for this item.... any guesses are irrelevant, do not bother.

Question #4
The grub menu OS option is labeled "21,10" - it does not boot...
The "advanced" option - under same main menu boots with message
"welcome to 22.04".
The "advanced " options are labeled as "generic...xxxx " , not as versions as the
main option is.

The question is
what application builds the "grub" menu , where is the file which build this
and why version and generic differ?

I would like to connect with somebody who
uses Linux / Ubuntu in multi operating system confirmation .
Multi OS scattered on multi hardware devices...

A real user, no RTFM, u-tube, post this somewhere else etc.

I have been trying to figure out how such system boots –
specially what are the parts of the boot process.

I know there is a hardware system setup – UEFI
It has setting for “boot process”….

I know under normal conditions I get a “menu screen”
– presumably build by “grub” (residing where ?)

I know and have observed “update “ to “update grub”…

When I change “grub” defaults I am nagged by coders to
“update grub manually “

That is all nice but I like to be sure .
This is for learning purposes , not to fix or elaborate on questions.
There are no questions / problems to fix in this post.

Please no " I know nothing about Ubuntu , my Windoze XYZ works great... "

Thanks

Cheers

modified 17-Aug-22 21:30pm.

Member 14968771 wrote:
A real user, no RTFM, u-tube, post this somewhere else etc.

Member 14968771 wrote:
Please no " I know nothing about Ubuntu , my Windoze XYZ works great... "

How about you stop giving orders and just ask the questions.

Multiboot2 Specification version 2.0[^].

But what you are giving him is an "RTFM" - which is what he was explicitly not asking for!

He was asking for "A real user". A person that could act as his personal advisor, guru, servant, code generator or whatever - one that can fix his problems right away without bothering him with lots of stuff that only remotely or indirectly relates to what he is struggling with. You gave him a text, not a person.

So he is right if he claims that your answer is exactly what he stated that he did not want.

Why do you think I did it? Laugh | :laugh:

I suspect "real users" read the manual at some point. I don't see any evidence that the OP did any reading. What does that say.

"Before entering on an understanding, I have meditated for a long time, and have foreseen what might happen. It is not genius which reveals to me suddenly, secretly, what I have to say or to do in a circumstance unexpected by other people; it is reflection, it is meditation." - Napoleon I

I expect he's too busy working on his "rules to be adhered to by CodeProject members".

Hello

I want to design a mini radio, as it is one of my homework..

But as I don't quite clearly know about the resonators, I want to ask for your help.

I have checked online and found some ceramic resonators, and chose this one: CSBLA400KECE-B0 .(Click the datasheet for your reference: CSBLA400KECE-B0.pdf ) Now can anyone ansewer me the following questions:

1.What are the advantages and disadvantages of this type if I use it in my radio?

2.Some one will use quartz crystal resonators when designing communication equipment, is it OK for me to use ceramic resonator rather than the crystal one?

3.Do you have any other choice of the resonator?

Any suggestion will be appreciated!Thank you very much !

This is the wrong site for this question. This site is dedicated to writing code and PC hardware.

You would be much better served asking on site dedicated to radio hardware.

Asking questions is a skill
CodeProject Forum Guidelines
Google: C# How to debug code
Seriously, go read these articles.

Dave Kreskowiak

"Resonators" is pretty generic term. In general - you are implying a demodulation part of the receiver where "resonators" are used for getting the final; humanely "readable" audio.
In such application crystal or ceramic resonators are OK to use.
I far as technology - the crystal resonators are sort of "things of the past" mainly due to the cost.

Do you have a schematic of your receiver ? I'll be interested to take a look.

yai ck,

In case it helps... Last year I restored an antique tube radio. I found the members of the forums at www.antiqueradios.com to be very knowledgeable about radio technology.

Best wishes,
Craig

Does anyone know a place on the Internet with actual processor zoomed in pictures showing the layout of various transistor areas on the chip. The Internet is full of diagrams, what I`m looking for is a visual representation of the components the diagrams are speaking of.

No. There may be some images for older stuff (like the '80's and '90's), but todays processors transistor are so small and occupy so many layers of the chip that it's not possible to see detail like that anymore.

Asking questions is a skill
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Google: C# How to debug code
Seriously, go read these articles.

Dave Kreskowiak

Are you saying it looks like the surface of a CD with no way to differentiate between different areas?

CD pits are FAR larger than current transistors.

An nVidia 3090 has a die of about 25mm on a side. It contains over 28 billion transistors. There's over 45 million transistors per square MILLIMETER.

Asking questions is a skill
CodeProject Forum Guidelines
Google: C# How to debug code
Seriously, go read these articles.

Dave Kreskowiak

modified 9-Aug-22 10:50am.

At my former workplace, some of the pictures on the wall were microphotographs of the company's former chip generations, based on the 8051 architecture developed in 1980. You could easily identify rectangular areas with a regular, quite fine-grained structure: the memory banks. Other areas were more irregular; those were the CPU. Some areas with almost no identifiable structure, more like 'spotty'; that was the various I/O devices (this was an embedded type chip, with lots of I/O beyond the CPU capabilities); you could even identify a couple coils - the chip I/O included a radio.

So you could identify various areas, but it just looked like different kinds of structures, more or less regular or irregular. Seeing the shape of individual components was not possible, at least not on these wall posters.

I am talking about 40+ years old 8-bit technology (or rather: architecture), approx. 50,000 transistors for the CPU. Even with that simple chips, you wouldn't get what you are asking for. Today's 64 bit processors are extremely more dense, and complex, approaching 50 billon transistors. You will probably see "gray" areas that are likely to be the cache memory. If pointed out to you, you can probably distinguish a few other functional areas from the rest, but all you can see is that they are different from, and less regular than, the cache areas.

For the simple question of "what does a so-and-so type transistor really look like?", you can probably find 3D engineering drawings, similar to that of a MOSFET in the Wikipedia article "Transistor". But those are drawings, not the chip photographs you are asking for.

Do robotic arms in a car plant operate mostly based on information provided by sensors? Like they aren`t thought to operate blindly, there is a process of camera/sensor based aiming/homing (if we talk about say a welding arm) on the region where work needs to be done.

Depends on the application. There's a large variety of different position and control sensing methods.

Asking questions is a skill
CodeProject Forum Guidelines
Google: C# How to debug code
Seriously, go read these articles.

Dave Kreskowiak

So basically it`s a two way process(sensors can stop/modify the process of state switching), it`s not just a blind switching of states that bears no relation to the changes in the outer world.