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I've been tinkering with these free AI tools for a while now, specifically ChatGPT, Copilot and codepal. The only one I've tried for generating code was codepal. Not very impressed: it only generates code snippets ('functions'), and after very few such short snippets it reaches the limit for free usage. For not code related questions, I found ChatGPT far better than Copilot. It used to be really bad just a few months ago, but it significantly improved. It reaches the limit for free usage pretty fast though, requiring a few hours of timeout. Copilot is just pathetic, in my experience, at this time. Both Copilot and ChatGPT give quite often wrong answers - they don't 'realize their own mistakes', but rather admit them when pointed out, leading to 'I apologize for the confusion/misunderstanding/frustration...'. Almost never 'for the wrong answer'! They're trained well 
What they're not trained to say is 'I don't know', which I'd prefer, instead the constantly wrong answers. I usually know the correct answer, or at least I know when the answer is wrong, but what happens if I don't? They're nice toys, but not really useful and trustworthy in my opinion.
Maybe I'm not very good at asking questions (they can understand), but I do it in a very clean manner and provide enough context, so I doubt that.
I would be myself impressed with any decent answers (nevermind code generation), because my expectations are pretty low, but so far I'm not.
Your Mileage definitely Varies!
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float mpu6886::inv_sqrt(float x) {
float halfx = 0.5f * x;
float y = x;
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wuninitialized"
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
long i = *(long *)&y;
i = 0x5f3759df - (i >> 1);
y = *(float *)&i;
#pragma GCC diagnostic warning "-Wuninitialized"
#pragma GCC diagnostic warning "-Wstrict-aliasing"
y = y * (1.5f - (halfx * y * y));
return y;
}
Tell me how y is uninitialized? This isn't the first time I've encountered this. 
Check out my IoT graphics library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/gfx
And my IoT UI/User Experience library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/uix
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Ah, the fast inverse square root. Mind boggling code, I have not spent the time trying to work out how it works.
Without the code they commented then y would very likely have a terrible guesstimate and the function would be inaccurate, so y has not been 'initialised' with a good first guess. Weak definition of initialised, but some grain of logic there.
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but i explicitly assign y to x. 
Check out my IoT graphics library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/gfx
And my IoT UI/User Experience library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/uix
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Ah, sorry, I completely misread your original post.
I would guess the error/warning is because you can not guarantee the sizes of long and float will be the same between C++ implementations. Just a stab in the dark though, and it seems like a strange error for that.
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I would guess std::bit_cast in the line long i= ... should help.
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no std available here
Check out my IoT graphics library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/gfx
And my IoT UI/User Experience library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/uix
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If you split assignment via a long i; and float y, halfx; does it still happen?
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That is weird. But better than what clang does at any optimization level above -O0, as per Compiler Explorer for X86-64:
inv_sqrt: # @inv_sqrt
ret
Um, what?
"A little song, a little dance, a little seltzer down your pants"
Chuckles the clown
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Visual C++ does not complain about anything with that code. I think this qualifies as a bug.
"They have a consciousness, they have a life, they have a soul! Damn you! Let the rabbits wear glasses! Save our brothers! Can I get an amen?"
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It very well could be. I've encountered this error in error before, I think?
I'm just really hesitant to file a bug against a compiler because I feel like they know a hell of a lot more about C and C++ than I do.
Check out my IoT graphics library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/gfx
And my IoT UI/User Experience library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/uix
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What machine are you targeting, and what are the sizes of float and long*?: If you compile this as 32 bit with gcc, you do not get any warnings.
Theory: you're compiling in 64 bit mode sizeof(float) = 4 and sizeof(long*) = 8. So what the compiler is trying to tell you is that long i = *(long*)&y the conversion of the float to a pointer, half the bytes are uninitialized. My theory anyway.
"A little song, a little dance, a little seltzer down your pants"
Chuckles the clown
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it's 32-bit GCC
My processor can handle 64-bit numbers, but not as a native word.
Edit: I'm not sure long isn't 64 bit on this platform, but I've always used long long for that.
My CPU will not handle 128-bit words under any circumstances.
Check out my IoT graphics library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/gfx
And my IoT UI/User Experience library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/uix
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The issue would arise if the size of a float is less than the size of a pointer. Maybe just ask the compiler to what sizeof(float) and sizeof(void*) return?
"A little song, a little dance, a little seltzer down your pants"
Chuckles the clown
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Thanks. I'll look into it as time and motivation allows. 
Edit: Turns out i had a project open so it was easy enough to check
sizeof(float): 4
sizeof(long*): 4
I checked sizeof long* just to be certain
Check out my IoT graphics library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/gfx
And my IoT UI/User Experience library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/uix
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Well, not that then  Seemed like a good answer at the time. Maybe it's just the type punning that's baffling the compiler?
"A little song, a little dance, a little seltzer down your pants"
Chuckles the clown
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That's my theory, but I'm uncomfortable with it if nothing else because
a) I hate assuming compiler bugs. So often it's some effing intricacy of the C or C++ language that is at play, rather than the compiler in error.
b) You'd think it would have been found and fixed. Like I said, this isn't the first time I've run into it. The last time was a lot more innocuous - no type aliasing or fudging like that. it was an enum struct type declared as a local variable and initialized at declaration time. 
I'd dig up the old example if i could, but I ended up working around it in order to get the warnings out of my code without using compiler specific pragmas.
Edit: Duh. I am not using the latest GCC. I didn't think about that. Could easily be a bug.
Check out my IoT graphics library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/gfx
And my IoT UI/User Experience library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/uix
modified 18-Jun-24 13:52pm.
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I get the same warning with gcc-14.1.0, and with x86-64 gcc-trunk over at the compiler explorer, so it's not been fixed so far.
"A little song, a little dance, a little seltzer down your pants"
Chuckles the clown
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I didn't think of trying godbolt. I'm really distracted rn on the phone w/ an old friend.
Check out my IoT graphics library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/gfx
And my IoT UI/User Experience library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/uix
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As far as I am concerned, the fact that you have this line :
float y = x;
which is clearly initializing the variable qualifies it as a bug. I can not conceive a situation where that is not a bug.
"They have a consciousness, they have a life, they have a soul! Damn you! Let the rabbits wear glasses! Save our brothers! Can I get an amen?"
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Quote: I hate assuming compiler bugs
No, it is definitely not a compiler bug. It is a defined behaviour, there are lots of documents in www which explain the background.
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0x01AA wrote: It is a defined behaviour
That's precisely what I was afraid of. 
Check out my IoT graphics library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/gfx
And my IoT UI/User Experience library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/uix
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In a message above, you mentioned, there is no std available. But maybe in your environement some kind of bit_cast is available?
If not, I think a similar behaviour (to inform the compiler [optimizer]) can be achived with reinterpret_cast, but at the moment I don't remember the document, from where I got this
Sorry, for my strange English ...
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It's possible I could do it with reinterpret_cast? I dunno
Check out my IoT graphics library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/gfx
And my IoT UI/User Experience library here:
https://honeythecodewitch.com/uix
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Try it  I think it simply informs the compiler 'you are aware' about a maybe not safe conversion ...
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